Waterborne toxicity of several dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane congeners to Hyalella azteca and its implications for contaminated sediment assessment.

Although banned long ago in many countries and jurisdictions, the organochlorine pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and compounds related to it remain in the aquatic environment, particularly in sediments, and can pose risks to aquatic life. To inform ecological risk assessment of these compounds, we tested the toxicity of six DDT congeners, specifically the p, p' (4,4') forms of DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene (DDMU), as well as the o, p' (2,4') isomers of DDT and DDD. The epibenthic amphipod, Hyalella azteca, was exposed for 7 days to waterborne chemical and assessed for changes in survival and growth.

Controversies and practical management of patients with gout and chronic kidney disease.

Uric acid is a toxin retained with advancing kidney disease. Clinical manifestations of hyperuricemia include gout and systemic inflammation that are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. As many as one-third of all patients with chronic kidney disease have a history of gout, yet <25% of these patients are effectively treated to target serum urate levels of ≤6 mg/dl.

Sublethal Toxicity of 17 Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances with Diverse Structures to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus.

Seven-day sublethal toxicity tests were performed with the freshwater invertebrates Ceriodaphnia dubia, Hyalella azteca, and Chironomus dilutus to determine the effects of per- or polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) of varying chain length within four classes: perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides, and fluorotelomer sulfonic acids. In general, toxicity increased with increasing chain length, but the slopes of these relationships varied markedly by species and chemical class. The toxicity of individual PFCAs was similar among species.

Dietary Uptake of Highly Hydrophobic Chemicals by Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss).

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was exposed through the diet to a mixture of non-ionic organic chemicals for 28 d, followed by a depuration phase, in accordance with OECD method 305. The mixture included hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB-52), 2,2',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), decachlorobiphenyl (PCB-209), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), perchloro-p-terphenyl (p-TCP), perchloro-m-terphenyl (m-TCP), and perchloro-p-quaterphenyl (p-QTCP), the latter six of which are considered highly hydrophobic based on n-octanol/water partition coefficients (K) greater than 10. All chemicals had first-order uptake and elimination kinetics except p-QTCP, whose kinetics could not be verified due to limitations of analytical detection in the elimination phase.

Review of DDT, DDE, DDD, DDMU and DDMS Toxicity Data for Organisms Used in Estuarine and Marine Sediment Toxicity Tests.

The open literature was searched for laboratory toxicity data for marine/estuarine organisms exposed to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), dichlorodiphenylchloroethylene (DDMU), and dichlorodiphenylchloroethane (DDMS). The goal of the review was to determine water-column toxicity values that could be used for porewater-based assessment of sediment toxicity. Data for individual compounds (and isomers thereof) in this group were very limited; most available data were for mixtures of multiple compounds, some defined and others undefined.

Genetic and Physiological Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) on Human Urate Homeostasis.

Significance Statement: Hyperinsulinemia induces hyperuricemia by activating net renal urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule. The basolateral reabsorptive urate transporter GLUT9a appears to be the dominant target for insulin. By contrast, IGF-1 infusion reduces serum urate (SU), through mechanisms unknown.

Effects of elevated serum urate on cardiometabolic and kidney function markers in a randomised clinical trial of inosine supplementation.

In observational studies, serum urate positively associates with cardiometabolic and kidney diseases. We analyzed data from a randomised placebo-controlled trial to determine whether moderate hyperuricemia induced by inosine affects cardiometabolic and kidney function markers. One hundred and twenty post-menopausal women were recruited into a 6-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of inosine for bone health.

An Intervention to Increase Outdoor Play in Early Childhood Education Centers (PROmoting Early Childhood Outside): Protocol for a Pilot Wait-list Control Cluster Randomized Trial.

Background: Participation in outdoor play has been extensively documented as beneficial for the health, well-being, and development of children. Canadian early childhood education centers (ECECs) are important settings in young children's lives and provide opportunities to participate in outdoor play. However, there are barriers to the provision of outdoor play opportunities at ECECs, such as adverse weather conditions, poorly designed outdoor spaces, outdoor time policies, and early childhood educator comfort levels.

Acute Toxicity of Major Geochemical Ions to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas): Part B-Modeling Ion Toxicity.

Mathematical models are presented for the acute median lethal concentrations of major geochemical ions (Na , K , Ca , Mg , Cl , SO , HCO /CO ) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), based on an extensive series of experiments presented in a companion article. Toxicity relationships across different dilution waters, individual salts, and salt mixtures suggest six independent mechanisms of toxicity to consider in modeling efforts, including Mg/Ca-specific toxicity, osmolarity-related toxicity, SO -specific toxicity, K-specific toxicity, effects of high pH/alkalinity, and a multiple ion-related toxicity at low Ca distinct from the other mechanisms. Models are evaluated using chemical activity-based exposure metrics pertinent to each mechanism, but concentration-based alternative models that are simpler to apply are also addressed.

Acute Toxicity of Major Geochemical Ions to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales Promelas): Part A-Observed Relationships for Individual Salts and Salt Mixtures.

The results of a series of experiments on the acute toxicity of major geochemical ions (Na , K , Ca , Mg , Cl , SO , HCO /CO ) to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) are reported. Tests of individual major ion salts in various dilution waters demonstrated that the toxicities of Na, Mg, and K salts decrease as the overall ion content of the dilution water increases. For Na and Mg salts, this is attributable to Ca content as previously reported for Ceriodaphnia dubia.

Prescribing Patterns of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Patients with CKD: A Cross-Sectional Registry Analysis.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) reduce kidney disease progression and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of diabetes status. However, the prescribing patterns of these novel therapeutics in the CKD population in real-world settings remain largely unknown.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included adults with stages 3-5 CKD included in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) CKD registry in March 2021.

Circadian disruption of hippocampus in an early senescence male mouse model.

Age-related cognitive decline and disruptions in circadian rhythms are growing problems as the average human life span increases. Multiple strains of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) show reduced life span, and the SAMP8 strain in particular has been well documented to show cognitive deficits in behavior as well as a bimodal pattern of circadian locomotor activity. However, little is known about circadian regulation within the hippocampus of these strains of mice.

Zoledronic Acid-Associated Fanconi Syndrome in Patients With Cancer.

Zoledronic acid (ZA) is an antiresorptive agent typically used for fracture prevention in postmenopausal osteoporosis, malignancy-associated metastatic bone lesions, and as a treatment for hypercalcemia. ZA is excreted almost entirely by the kidney; as a result, a reduction in renal clearance can lead to its accumulation and potential renal toxicity. Although uncommon, acute kidney injury (AKI) from intravenous bisphosphonates has been described, with different patterns including tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute tubular necrosis, as well as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Gonadal Development in Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus Dolomieu) Reared in the Absence and Presence of 17-α-Ethinylestradiol.

Testicular oocytes in wild adult bass (Micropterus spp.) are considered a potential indication of exposure to estrogenic compounds in municipal, agricultural, or industrial wastewater. However, our ability to interpret links between testicular oocyte occurrence in wild fish species and environmental pollutants is limited by our understanding of normal and abnormal gonadal development.

Association of acidic urine pH with impaired renal function in primary gout patients: a Chinese population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients with gout frequently have low urinary pH, which is associated with the nephrolithiasis. However, the specific distribution of urinary pH and potential relationship of acidic urine pH to broader manifestations of kidney disease in gout are still poorly understood.

Methods: A 2016-2020 population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 3565 gout patients in the dedicated gout clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University to investigate the association between low urinary pH and kidney disease.

Interfacility Transfers for Isolated Craniomaxillofacial Trauma: Perspectives of the Facial Trauma Surgeon.

Study Design: Secondary overtriage is a burden to the medical system. Unnecessary transfers overload trauma centers, occupy emergency transfer resources, and delay definitive patient care. Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma, especially in isolation, is a frequent culprit.

Genetic and Physiological Effects of Insulin on Human Urate Homeostasis.

Insulin and hyperinsulinemia reduce renal fractional excretion of urate (FeU) and play a key role in the genesis of hyperuricemia and gout, via uncharacterized mechanisms. To explore this association further we studied the effects of genetic variation in insulin-associated pathways on serum urate (SU) levels and the physiological effects of insulin on urate transporters. We found that urate-associated variants in the human insulin (INS), insulin receptor (INSR), and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) loci associate with the expression of the insulin-like growth factor 2, IRS1, INSR, and ZNF358 genes; additionally, we found genetic interaction between and the three loci, most evident in women.

Management of gout in chronic kidney disease: a G-CAN Consensus Statement on the research priorities.

Gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently coexist, but quality evidence to guide gout management in people with CKD is lacking. Use of urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in the context of advanced CKD varies greatly, and professional bodies have issued conflicting recommendations regarding the treatment of gout in people with concomitant CKD. As a result, confusion exists among medical professionals about the appropriate management of people with gout and CKD.

Stochastic Framework for Addressing Chemical Partitioning and Bioavailability in Contaminated Sediment Assessment and Management.

Passive sampling to quantify net partitioning of hydrophobic organic contaminants between the porewater and solid phase has advanced risk management for contaminated sediments. Direct porewater () measures represent the best way to predict adverse effects to biota. However, when the need arises to convert between solid-phase concentration () and , a wide variation in observed sediment-porewater partition coefficients () is observed due to intractable complexities in binding phases.