Identifying individual and organizational predictors of accidental exposure to blood (AEB) among hospital healthcare workers: A longitudinal study.

Background: Accidental exposure to blood (AEB) poses a risk of bloodborne infections for healthcare workers (HCWs) during hospital activities. In this study, we identified individual behavioral and organizational predictors of AEB among HCWs.

Methods: The study was a prospective, 1-year follow-up cohort study conducted in university hospitals in Paris, France.

A statistical algorithm for outbreak detection in multisite settings: an application to sick leave monitoring.

Motivation: Public health authorities monitor cases of health-related problems over time using surveillance algorithms that detect unusually high increases in the number of cases, namely aberrations. Statistical aberrations signal outbreaks when further investigation reveals epidemiological significance. The increasing availability and diversity of epidemiological data and the most recent epidemic threats call for more accurate surveillance algorithms that not just detect aberration times but also detect locations.

Distinct Microbiotas Are Associated with Different Production Lines in the Cutting Room of a Swine Slaughterhouse.

The microorganisms found on fresh, raw meat cuts at a slaughterhouse can influence the meat's safety and spoilage patterns along further stages of processing. However, little is known about the general microbial ecology of the production environment of slaughterhouses. We used 16s rRNA sequencing and diversity analysis to characterize the microbiota heterogeneity on conveyor belt surfaces in the cutting room of a swine slaughterhouse from different production lines (each associated with a particular piece/cut of meat).

A new ranking index to identify the work-related psychosocial factors most impacting mental health: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: In modern professional life, mental health prevention and promotion have become a major challenge for decision-makers. Devising appropriate actions requires better understanding the role played by each work-related psychosocial factor (WPSF). The objective of this study was to present a relevant tool to hierarchise WPSFs that jointly takes into account their (impact on mental health) and their (the proportion of the population exposed to WPSF).

Multilevel approach to individual and organisational predictors of stress and fatigue among healthcare workers of a university hospital: a longitudinal study.

Objective: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of experiencing stress and fatigue due to the demands of their work within hospitals. Improving their physical and mental health and, in turn, the quality and safety of care requires considering factors at both individual and organisational/ward levels. Using a multicentre prospective cohort, this study aims to identify the individual and organisational predictors of stress and fatigue of HCWs in several wards from university hospitals.

Determinants of healthcare worker turnover in intensive care units: A micro-macro multilevel analysis.

Background: High turnover among healthcare workers is an increasingly common phenomenon in hospitals worldwide, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). In addition to the serious financial consequences, this is a major concern for patient care (disrupted continuity of care, decreased quality and safety of care, increased rates of medication errors, …).

Objective: The goal of this article was to understand how the ICU-level nurse turnover rate may be explained from multiple covariates at individual and ICU-level, using data from 526 French registered and auxiliary nurses (RANs).

Assessing the impact of preventive mass vaccination campaigns on yellow fever outbreaks in Africa: A population-level self-controlled case series study.

Background: The Eliminate Yellow fever Epidemics (EYE) strategy was launched in 2017 in response to the resurgence of yellow fever in Africa and the Americas. The strategy relies on several vaccination activities, including preventive mass vaccination campaigns (PMVCs). However, to what extent PMVCs are associated with a decreased risk of outbreak has not yet been quantified.

Monitoring sick leave data for early detection of influenza outbreaks.

Background: Workplace absenteeism increases significantly during influenza epidemics. Sick leave records may facilitate more timely detection of influenza outbreaks, as trends in increased sick leave may precede alerts issued by sentinel surveillance systems by days or weeks. Sick leave data have not been comprehensively evaluated in comparison to traditional surveillance methods.

Modeling sickness absence data: A scoping review.

The identification of sick leave determinants could positively influence decision making to improve worker quality of life and to reduce consequently costs for society. Sick leave is a research topic of interest in economics, psychology, health and social behaviour. The question of choosing an appropriate statistical tool to analyse sick leave data can be challenging.

Seasonal influenza vaccine and Guillain-Barré syndrome: A self-controlled case series study.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) following seasonal influenza vaccination based on French nationwide data.

Methods: All cases of GBS occurring in metropolitan France between September 1 and March 31 from 2010 to 2014 were identified from the French national health data system. Data were analyzed according to the self-controlled case series method.

Hierarchizing Determinants of Sick Leave: Insights From a Survey on Health and Well-being at the Workplace.

Objective: We hierarchized a range of individual and occupational factors impacting the occurrence of very short (1-3 days), short (4 days to 1 month), or long-term (more than a month) sick leave spells.

Methods: Data were collected from a repeated cross-sectional survey conducted in the French private sector over the period 2011 to 2017. Fifty one sick leave determinants were ranked using a conditional random forest approach.

Validation of the French 3-year prognostic score using the Canadian Cystic Fibrosis registry.

Studies of large CF populations using registry data are important to identify people at high risk for death. Nkam et al. published a prognostic score developed on French CF registry data to predict death or lung transplantation (LT) over a 3-year period in the adult CF population.

Impact of a multicomponent hand hygiene-related intervention on the infectious risk in nursing homes: A cluster randomized trial.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a multifaceted hand hygiene (HH) program on the infectious risk in nursing homes (NHs).

Methods: This was a 2-arm cluster randomized trial; French NHs were allocated randomly to the intervention (13 NHs) or control (13 NHs) groups. The intervention consisted of implementing a bundle of HH-related measures over 1 year, including increased availability of alcohol-based handrub, HH promotion, staff education, and local work groups.

How to Identify and Prioritize Psychosocial Factors Impacting Stress Level.

We develop a methodological approach to identify and prioritize psychosocial factors (stressors) requiring priority action to reduce stress levels. Data analysis was carried out on a random sample of 10 000 French employees who completed, during a routine interview with the occupational physician, a 25-item questionnaire about stress levels, as well as a questionnaire about 58 stressors grouped into 5 latent variables: job control, job context, relationships at work, tasks performed and recognition. Our method combines Importance-Performance Analysis, a valuable approach for prioritizing improvements in the quality of services, with Partial Least Squares-Path modeling, a Structural Equation Modeling approach widely applied in psychosocial research.

Impact of hand hygiene on the infectious risk in nursing home residents: A systematic review.

Background: In nursing homes, the infectious risk is high, making infection control using approaches such as hand hygiene (HH) a major issue. However, the effectiveness of HH in these settings is not well documented, and HH compliance is low.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Clinical Trials for studies in nursing homes that either described a HH-related intervention or assessed HH compliance and included a measured infectious outcome.

Monitoring vaccine safety using case series cumulative sum charts.

We adapt the self-controlled case series method for routine surveillance of vaccine safety using cumulative sum (CUSUM) charts. The CUSUM surveillance method we propose is applicable for detecting associations that arise in a short pre-determined risk period following vaccination. The performance of the case series CUSUM is investigated through simulations.

The methodology of self-controlled case series studies.

The self-controlled case series method is increasingly being used in pharmacoepidemiology, particularly in vaccine safety studies. This method is typically used to evaluate the association between a transient exposure and an acute event, using only cases. We present both parametric and semiparametric models using a motivating example on MMR vaccine and bleeding disorders.

Case series analysis for censored, perturbed, or curtailed post-event exposures.

A new method is developed for analyzing case series data in situations where occurrence of the event censors, curtails, or otherwise affects post-event exposures. Unbiased estimating equations derived from the self-controlled case series model are adapted to allow for exposures whose occurrence or observation is influenced by the event. The method applies to transient point exposures and rare nonrecurrent events.