Antibiotic Use Can be De-escalated During Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy: A Bacterial Culture-Based Study.

To explore the possibility of reducing the use of antibiotics after transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA). A retrospective study was conducted on patients with thyroid tumors who were diagnosed and underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from 2022 to 2024. Patients diagnosed with T1-stage differentiated thyroid cancer or a benign retrosternal goiter <4 cm with cosmetic needs were included in the current study.

Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Persistent Room-Temperature Phosphorescence Polymer Nanoparticles for Bioimaging.

Recent advancements have focused on developing nanoscale persistent room-temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) structures to expand their applicability in biomedical fields. Traditional fabrication methods typically produce surface-coated core-shell pRTP nanoparticles composed of nonbiocompatible pRTP emitters at very high concentrations in the core. To overcome this limitation, polymeric pRTP nanosystems have been presented in this study as a promising alternative by embedding RTP molecules within the biocompatible polymer matrix, thereby significantly reducing the required concentration of RTP molecules.

Thermal proteome profiling and proteome analysis using high-definition mass spectrometry demonstrate modulation of cholesterol biosynthesis by next-generation galeterone analog VNPP433-3β in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Cholesterol (CHOL) homeostasis is significantly modulated in prostate cancer (PCa) suggesting an active role in PCa development and progression. Several studies indicate a strong correlation between elevated CHOL levels and increased PCa risk and severity. Inhibition of CHOL biosynthesis at different steps, including lanosterol synthase (LSS), has shown significant efficacy against both hormone-dependent and castration-resistant PCa.

Gadd45γ alleviates collagen-induced arthritis by increasing IL-10 level and suppressing JNK activity.

It has been shown that Gadd45β alleviated K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, but in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), it exacerbated joint inflammatory response, clinical signs, and symptoms. So far, the function of Gadd45γ in arthritis remains to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the role and immune regulatory mechanism of Gadd45γ in arthritis by intra-articular injection of a lentiviral vector encoding the Gadd45γ gene (LV-Gadd45γ) or lentiviral vectors (LV).

Icariin inhibition of NLRP3 mediated Leydig cell pyroptosis and insulin resistance ameliorates spermatogenesis disorders in obese mice.

Obesity, characterized by excessive body fat accumulation due to energy metabolism imbalance, has emerged as a significant risk factor for male infertility. Icariin (ICA), a principal constituent of Epimedium, has demonstrated potential in improving obesity and enhancing testicular spermatogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of ICA in mitigating obesity-induced male infertility through the suppression of inflammation and insulin resistance.

Stereoselective behavior of naproxen chiral enantiomers in promoting horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes.

Antibiotic resistance poses a global threat to public health, with recent studies highlighting the role of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals in the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study provides insights into the comprehensive profile, horizontal gene transfer potential, hosts, and public health risks associated with antibiotic resistomes in river ecosystems exposed to chiral naproxen (NAP). Our findings demonstrate that NAP stress selectively enriches ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), thereby bolstering bacterial resistance to specific antibiotics.

Integration of comparative cytology, ionome, transcriptome and metabolome provide a basic framework for the response of foxtail millet to Cd stress.

Apart from directly affecting the growth and development of crops, Cd in the soil can easily enter the human body through the food chain and pose a threat to human health. Therefore, understanding the toxicity of Cd to specific crops and the molecular mechanisms of their response to Cd is essential. In this study, hydroponic experiments were utilized to study the response of foxtail millet to Cd stress through phenotypic investigation, enzyme activity determination, ultrastructure, ionome, transcriptome and metabolome.

Optimizing particulate matter removal through rainfall: Role of duration, intensity, and species in green infrastructure.

This study investigates how short-duration intense rainfall events enhance the removal of particulate matter (PM) from plant leaf surfaces in urban environments, thereby contributing to the regulation of air pollution in urban environments and advancing the estimation and measurement of ecosystem services modelling in urban green spaces associated with air pollution regulation and remediation. Using controlled artificial rainfall simulations, we identified optimal combinations of rainfall phase (duration), intensity, plant species, plant height above ground (representing the nozzle-to-leaf distance), and particle diameter to maximize PM removal. Our findings indicate that rainfall phase is crucial in the PM removal process, while particle diameter has minimal influence.

EHDPP impairs intestinal microbiota homeostasis and induces placental injury through choline mediated gut-placenta axis.

2-Ethylhexyl-diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP) is an organophosphate ester (OPE) with roles of flame retardant and plasticizer. It is widely used in various applications, detected in environmental matrices and human body, threatening ecological environment and human health. Some OPEs have been reported to disturb the gut microbiota, the gut microbiota mediates placental function.

Semi-rational engineering of a novel halohydrin dehalogenase from Sneathiella limimaris for the enantioselective synthesis of (S)-5-phenoxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone.

Enantiomerically pure 2-oxazolidinones are widely used as chiral auxiliaries in organic synthesis, but there is an unmet need for more effective methods to access these compounds. Here we report the identification and semi-rational engineering of the halohydrin dehalogenase SlHHDH from Sneathiella limimaris for the highly enantioselective ring-opening of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) with cyanate to yield (S)-5-phenoxymethyl-2-oxazolidinone. After single and combinatorial mutagenesis, the best enantioselective triple mutant, F15W/A137T/N179L achieved an enantioselectivity of 97 %, with an E value of 154.

Hydroxychavicol derivatives from Piper betle Linn. as natural PDE4 inhibitors with anti-inflammatory effects.

PDE4 inhibitors have been developed as anti-inflammatory medications primarily used in the clinical treatment of pulmonary inflammations such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. However, the application of these drugs is usually restricted by obvious side effects, such as nausea and vomiting. Our previous study found that several natural PDE4 inhibitors or their modified derivatives showed minimal side effects, particularly reduced incidence of nausea and vomiting, which aroused our interest in searching for natural PDE4 inhibitors.

Lycium barbarum extract improves brain and visual functions in mice models of Alzheimer's disease through activating WNT pathway.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, characterized by visual deficits and cognitive impairment. However, current therapies have limited efficacy.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether Lycium barbarum extract (LBE) can mitigate the decline in brain and visual function in mouse models of AD during the middle and late stages.

van Hove Singularity-Induced Non-Equilibrium Anomalous Valley Hall Effect in a Two-Dimensional Lattice.

van Hove singularity and valley represent two fundamental phenomena in materials science and condensed matter physics, which have recently attracted considerable interest. Here, we propose that the interplay between van Hove singularity and valley can generate a previously unreported anomalous valley Hall effect (AVHE) in a two-dimensional (2D) lattice, termed the non-equilibrium AVHE, which is characterized by the non-equilibrium transverse accumulation of valley carriers from different valleys. The physics relates to van Hove singularity-induced breaking of time-reversal symmetry and the resulting valley polarization under carrier doping, which guarantees the unique properties of non-equilibrium valley carriers.

Microstructure modulation improving the stability performance of a Bi anode for lithium-ion batteries.

Metallic Bi is a classic metal-type anode material characterized by its high volume-specific capacity (3785 mA h cm) and theoretical specific capacity (386 mA h g). However, during the charge and discharge processes of the battery, Bi undergoes significant volume expansion and contraction, which leads to a notable decline in battery performance. In this work, to suppress the volume expansion of bismuth and enhance battery performance and stability, a Bi-metal-organic-framework (Bi-MOF) is utilized as a precursor and combined with an organic polymerization coating process, followed by calcination, to obtain a double-carbon-coated lamellar structure (Bi/C@C).

Estimating Multimodal Structural Brain Variability in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Worldwide ENIGMA Study.

Objective: The clinical diversity of schizophrenia is reflected by structural brain variability. It remains unclear how this variability manifests across different gray and white matter features. In this meta- and mega-analysis, the authors investigated how brain heterogeneity in schizophrenia is distributed across multimodal structural indicators.

Xanthine Derivative KMUP-3 Alleviates Periodontal Bone Resorption by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Macrophage Pyroptosis.

Aim: This study investigated the function effects of KMUP-3, a self-developed synthetic xanthine-based derivative, in suppressing Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS)-aggravated osteoclastogenesis and pyroptosis as a potential treatment for periodontitis.

Methods: In vitro, the effects of Pg-LPS and KMUP-3 on osteoclast formation and macrophage pyroptosis were investigated using the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-primed RAW264.7 macrophages.

Pan-Cancer Analysis Reveals SKA3 as a Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker.

SKA3, an important factor in cell cycle regulation, is involved in spindle assembly and kinetochore function, playing a critical role in maintaining cancer cell proliferation and division. However, its specific roles and regulatory mechanisms in cancer remain not fully understood. Large-scale datasets from multiple public databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression, covering various cancer types, were integrated.

Synergy of O2 Permeance and H2O Resistance by PIM-Enhanced PDMS Composite Membranes for "Closed-Type" Aprotic Li-Air Batteries.

Aprotic Li-O batteries exhibit ultra-high energy density through the redox reaction of O. However, their open-structure design makes them prone to water infiltration and electrolyte leakage. Traditionally, dense and thick oxygen-permeable membranes (OPMs) are employed to prevent HO intrusion, but this approach limits O permeance and constrains charge current densities.

Fluvastatin Promotes Treg Cell Production in Allogeneic Immune Reaction and Suppresses Inflammatory Response.

Introduction: Statins, a class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, exhibit prophylactic benefits against immune rejection induced by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Despite the protective function is confirmed, the precise mechanism to induce immune tolerance of statin in the initial stages of transplantation remains incompletely understood. Given that Treg cells play a critical role in preventing graft versus host response and Foxp3 as a transcription factor of Treg can be induced by statins, we hypothesize that the immunosuppressive effects of statins are partially mediated through regulation of Treg cells expansion.

Engineered a Gemcitabine Nano-Prodrug Targeting Desmoplastic Pancreatic Tumor with Dual Enhancement of Penetration Dynamics.

The desmoplastic nature characterized by dense tissue and poor vascular conditions in pancreatic cancer (PDAC) poses a significant barrier to effective chemotherapy. Targeting the extracellular matrix and reducing desmoplasia in the tumor microenvironment is a rational approach to improve the penetration and efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) in PDAC. Herein, a small molecular self-assembly nano-prodrug is developed for the "three-in-one" co-delivery of GEM chemotherapeutics, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and nitric oxide (NO) donors, decorated with PDAC-homing targeting peptide.

Deeper affection, more consumptions: consumer decision-making among people with different levels of intimacy-evidence from fNIRS.

Consumer decision-making varies according to an individual's relationship with the recipient of the gift. This study used a mock purchase task to investigate consumer decision-making and its underlying neurological mechanisms when purchasing gifts of different prices for recipients with varying levels of intimacy. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy was used to record neural activity during the task.

Berberine, a Natural Compound That Demonstrates Antiviral Effects Against Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 Infection in .

Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) infection is the primary viral disease responsible for large-scale mortality in bivalve mollusks worldwide, and effective strategies to control the outbreaks of this disease are still lacking. Berberine (BBR), a plant-derived alkaloid, has demonstrated antiviral activity against various vertebrate viruses, while its potential antiviral effects on molluscan herpesviruses remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the potential of berberine hydrochloride (BBH) against OsHV-1 infection in blood clams ().

The Effects of Pangenotypic Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy on Lipid Profiles and Insulin Resistance in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication is usually associated with dyslipidemia. Most studies in this field have focused on genotype-specific direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), with research on pangenotypic DAAs being limited. This study examined how two pangenotypic DAA regimens, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (SOF/VEL), affect lipid profiles and insulin resistance after viral eradication in chronic HCV patients.

Vaccinia Virus Vector Bivalent Norovirus Vaccine.

Norovirus is a major etiological agent of nonbacterial gastroenteritis around the world. Due to its in vitro culture complexity, high genome diversity, and the lack of cross-reactive immunity between genogroups, there is an unmet urgent need for polyvalent norovirus vaccines that provide broad-spectrum protection, and no vaccine has gained global approval to date. In this study, we constructed a bivalent norovirus vaccine, based on the highly attenuated poxvirus [strain VG9] vector, expressing the major capsid protein VP1 from genotypes GII.

TRIM38 Inhibits Zika Virus by Upregulating RIG-I/MDA5 Pathway and Promoting Ubiquitin-Mediated Degradation of Viral NS3 Protein.

Members of the tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing protein family play crucial roles in regulating immune system responses. The TRIM38 protein regulates host innate immunity and directly degrades some viral proteins through its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. This study demonstrated that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can promote the expression of TRIM38 in human glioma cells (U251).