Hepatic sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 promotes steatohepatitis by disrupting membrane sphingolipid metabolism.

Metabolic-dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) remains a major health challenge. Herein, we identify sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 (SMPD3) as a key driver of hepatic ceramide accumulation through increasing sphingomyelin hydrolysis at the cell membrane. Hepatocyte-specific Smpd3 gene disruption or pharmacological inhibition of SMPD3 alleviates MASH, whereas reintroducing SMPD3 reverses the resolution of MASH.

EHBP1 suppresses liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

Excess cholesterol accumulation contributes to fibrogenesis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), but how hepatic cholesterol metabolism becomes dysregulated in MASH is not completely understood. We show that human fibrotic MASH livers have decreased EH-domain-binding protein 1 (EHBP1), a genome-wide association study (GWAS) locus associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and that EHBP1 loss- and gain-of-function increase and decrease MASH fibrosis in mice, respectively. Mechanistic studies reveal that EHBP1 promotes sortilin-mediated PCSK9 secretion, leading to LDL receptor (LDLR) degradation, decreased LDL uptake, and reduced TAZ, a fibrogenic effector.

Inhibition of PRC2 enables self-renewal of blastoid-competent naive pluripotent stem cells from chimpanzee.

Naive pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are counterparts of early epiblast in the mammalian embryo. Mouse and human naive PSCs differ in self-renewal requirements and extraembryonic lineage potency. Here, we investigated the generation of chimpanzee naive PSCs.

BACE1-dependent cleavage of GABA receptor contributes to neural hyperexcitability and disease progression in Alzheimer's disease.

Neural hyperexcitability has been clinically associated with amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we show that decreased GABA receptor (GABAR) currents are linked to hippocampal granule cell hyperexcitability in the AD mouse model APP23. Elevated levels of β-secretase (BACE1), the β-secretase responsible for generating Aβ peptides, lead to aberrant cleavage of GABAR β1/2/3 subunits in the brains of APP23 mice and AD patients.

Understanding sediment nutrient cycling in a hypersaline coastal lagoon using hydrogel-based passive sampling techniques.

The Coorong, South Australia, is a Ramsar-listed hypersaline coastal lagoon system of significant ecological and cultural importance. Despite facing environmental challenges such as reduced river flow and eutrophication, there is limited knowledge of organic matter fate and nutrient cycling in this system. Understanding nutrient movement and transformation within the Coorong is crucial for effective ecosystem management.

Design and synthesis of azole derivatives of echinocystic acid as α-glucosidase inhibitors with hypoglycemic activity.

Diabetes mellitus necessitates strict control of postprandial hyperglycemia via α-glucosidase inhibitors. In this study, novel azole derivatives of Echinocystic acid (EA), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, were synthesized through molecular hybridization to enhance hypoglycemic potential. Compound A4 exhibited superior α-glucosidase inhibition (IC = 2.

PDE4D inhibition ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure by activating mitophagy.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a major role in normal and pathologic signaling in the heart. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a major PDE degrading cAMP in the heart. There are inconsistencies concerning the roles of the PDE4 isoforms 4B and 4D in regulation of cardiac function.

Evaluation of methane emission from MSW landfills in China, India, and the U.S. from space using a two-tier approach.

Methane emissions from the waste sector are the third largest anthropogenic source of methane, making up 13% of total global anthropogenic emissions. Current climate change mitigation policies emphasize the need to reduce methane emissions from municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, as they are the primary contributors within the sector. The MSW landfill operational patterns in China, India, and the U.

A comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic study of olanzapine in the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia.

Background: Despite advances in research, critical gaps remain in understanding the molecular mechanisms of antipsychotic medications such as olanzapine. This study investigated the molecular pathways by which olanzapine exerts its therapeutic effects and causes metabolic side effects by analyzing changes in the serum metabolic and lipid profiles of patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Methods: Clinical symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) in 43 patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Optimizing the tapering scheme of corticosteroid treatment for acute onset of autoimmune hepatitis.

Background: Uncertainties persist regarding the optimal management of acute onset of autoimmune hepatitis, including the use of corticosteroids. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of rapid versus slow corticosteroid tapering in acute onset of AIH.

Methods: A multicenter study involving patients with acute AIH was conducted.

Square-shaped CuMoS loaded on three-dimensional flower-like AgBiS to form S-scheme heterojunction as a light-driven photoelectrochemical sensor for efficient detection of serotonin in biological samples.

Serotonin (5-HT) is a crucial neurotransmitter in the body, with its levels being particularly significant for life safety. Here, we designed the AgBiS/CuMoS S-scheme heterojunction by uniformly immobilizing lamellar CuMoS on the surface of three-dimensional (3D) flower-like AgBiS using a simple physical mixing technique. In this case, AgBiS and CuMoS are bonded together by electrostatic attraction to form an active surface with a large specific surface area.

Broad-spectrum antibody against thiazides and degraded salamide and immunoassay establishment for simultaneous detection.

The illegal additive thiazides and degraded salamide in food supplements poses significant health risks and regulatory challenges. However, the structural differences between thiazides and salamide complicate the hapten design for immunoassay detection. In this study, we first outlined the common skeleton of thiazides and their shared epitopes with salamide through molecular overlap and atomic charge distribution analysis.

Co-exposure of pyraclostrobin and biochar promoted antibiotic resistance genes transfer from soil to lettuce.

The widespread presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) threatens ecological security and human health. In agricultural production, the simultaneous presence of non-antibiotic substances fungicides and biochar utilized for soil remediation has unclear effects on the spread of ARGs in the soil-vegetable systems. Herein, this study conducted a pots experiment and found that biochar significantly reduced pyraclostrobin accumulation in the soil and lettuce roots.

Direct photodegradation of aromatic carbamate pesticides: Kinetics and mechanisms in aqueous vs. non-aqueous media.

The direct photodegradation quantum yields (Φ) of five representative aromatic carbamate pesticides - carbaryl, carbofuran, propoxur, isoprocarb, and metolcarb - were examined in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions, the latter mimicking hydrophobic environments such as leaf surfaces. For carbaryl, carbofuran, isoprocarb, and metolcarb, the Φ values generally followed the order Φ < Φ < Φ, while propoxur showed a different trend, Φ < Φ < Φ. Scavenging and laser flash photolysis experiments, combined with quantum chemical calculations, were used to clarify the photodegradation mechanisms.

Identification of microplastics in human tear fluid and meibum: Implications for dry eye disease pathogenesis.

Microplastics (MPs) are emerging environmental pollutants that are increasingly being detected in various human tissues. However, their impact on ocular health is underexplored. This study investigated the presence of MPs in tear fluid and meibum of 45 patients with dry eye disease (DED).

Revealing the key antioxidant compounds and potential action mechanisms of Bauhinina championii honey based on non-targeted metabolomics, mineralogical analysis and physicochemical characterization.

Bauhinia championii (BC) honey, highly regarded for its functional properties, is popular among consumers and holds significant economic potential, particularly in the food and health industries. However, limited knowledge of the bioactivities, especially its outstanding antioxidant activity, hampers the development of functional products. This study comprehensively compared BC honey's physicochemical properties, elemental composition, metabolic profile, and antioxidant properties with five other honeys.

Reprogramming peritoneal macrophages with outer membrane vesicle-coated PLGA nanoparticles for endometriosis prevention.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects women of reproductive age. The current hormonal treatments are unsuitable for women who wish to conceive, highlighting the need for non-hormonal therapeutic alternatives. In this study, we engineered outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (OMV-NPs) as a potential therapy for endometriosis.

Brilliant, stable, and electrically responsive photonic crystals based on dielectric particles and solvation repulsion.

Electrically responsive photonic crystals (ERPCs) capable of adjusting their structural colors in response to electric fields are promising next-generation smart optical materials. However, the poor color saturation and stability of conventional ERPCs significantly limit their practical applications. Here, a new kind of ZnS-silica/diethylene glycol ERPC was designed and fabricated by directly non-close-assembling ZnS-silica core-shell particles with high refractive indexes into a diethylene glycol with a low dielectric constant.

Associations between serum metal mixtures and systemic inflammation indices among Chinese early adolescents: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Research has demonstrated a link between metal exposure and inflammation. However, little is known about this relationship among adolescents, especially in prospective cohort studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum metal exposure and inflammatory status in Chinese early adolescents.

Tetramethyl bisphenol F exposure induces human ovarian granulosa cell senescence and mouse ovarian damage by regulating ESRRB signalling.

Tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF), regarded as a promising alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) across multiple industries, is now incorporated into polymer coatings for metal cans used in food and beverage packaging. Recent research has highlighted possible health risks associated with TMBPF, yet its impact on ovarian function and the mechanisms involved remain inadequately understood. This study provides a thorough evaluation of TMBPF's effects on granulosa cells (GCs) and uncovers its transgenerational influence on female reproductive health.

Functional metal organic framework mediated G-quadruplex DNA nanostructures for improved self-powered smartphone-assisted dual-mode biosensing.

Accurate detection of major disease biomarkers is frequently hindered by complex environmental factors and their inherently low expression levels. To overcome these challenges, a self-powered, smartphone-assisted dual-mode biosensing platform has been developed, utilizing functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and G-quadruplex (G-4s) DNA nanostructures to significantly amplify signal output and enhance detection accuracy. This innovative system utilizes gold nanoparticle/zirconium-based MOF/graphdiyne composites (AuNPs/Zr-MOF/GDY) and self-assembles methylene blue (MB) with G-quadruplex (G-4s) DNA nanostructures for detecting the thalassemia gene CD122.

Enhancing aerobic composting of cow dung and wheat straw with nanobubble water: Improved lignocellulose degradation and nutrient enrichment for increased crop biomass.

Cow dung and wheat straw are rich in lignocellulose, which has a complex structure, making it difficult to biodegrade. This study investigated the promotion of composting effectiveness and product fertility by adding nanobubble water (Air, CO, He, and N) during aerobic composting of cow dung and wheat straw. Nanobubble water prolonged the high-temperature period by 1-2 days, increased the activity of soil urease and soil ligninase, reduced the lignocellulose content by 1.

Selective Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Methane to Methyl Hydroperoxide by ZnO-Loaded Single-Atomic Ruthenium Oxide Catalyst.

Photooxidation of CH to value-added chemicals with high selectivity offers a promising pathway to drive the rational utilization of natural gas resources with renewable energy under mild conditions. However, owing to the poor chemoselectivity of reactive oxygen radical formation and consecutive side reactions of primary products, the synthesis of peroxide directly from CH oxidation remains challenging. Here, we report single-atom ruthenium oxide-doped ZnO as a highly selective photocatalyst for the aerobic oxidation of CH to CHOOH.

Real-Time Monitoring of Higher-Order Structure of RNAs by Temperature-Course Size Exclusion Chromatography and Microfluidic Modulation Spectroscopy.

Recently, there has been emerging interest in the characterization of the higher order structure (HOS) of oligonucleotide therapeutics because of its potential impact on the function. However, many existing experimental and computational methods face challenges with respect to throughput, cost, and resolution for large ribonucleic acids (RNAs). In this study, we present the use of two orthogonal analytical methods, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and microfluidic modulation spectroscopy (MMS), which are used to investigate conformational changes of two 100 mer single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) with complex HOS and aggregation specie profiles.