Identification of ferroptosis-related genes in heart tissues of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background: This study aims to investigate the role of ferroptosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal thickening of the heart muscle. The objective is to identify differentially expressed genes associated with ferroptosis in HCM and understand the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the disease.

Methods: Comprehensive genomic analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes associated with ferroptosis in HCM.

Circulating cytokines levels and the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome: A Mendelian randomization analysis.

This study utilized Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between circulating cytokines and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and to identify potential biomarkers of PCOS mechanisms. Genetic instrumental variables for cytokines were derived from 2 large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 8293 and 14,824 European participants. Summary statistics from a GWAS meta-analysis (10,074 PCOS cases and 103,164 controls of European ancestry) were used in the discovery phase of MR analysis.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection combined surgery for the treatment of ectopic gastric mucosa and ectopic pancreas in muscularis propria and serosal layer of the stomach: A rare case report and review of the literature.

Rationale: Ectopic gastric mucosa (EGM) and ectopic pancreas (EP) in the stomach is a rare congenital anomaly. No research on the coexistence of EGM and EP in the stomach has been found. However, several studies have shown canceration of EGM outside the stomach and EP.

Venous thrombosis related to duplicated inferior vena cava: A case report and systematic review.

Rationale: Swollen legs are commonly observed in clinical practice, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is 1 of the causes. Duplicated IVC (DIVC) is a relatively rare anomaly that results in DVT.

Patient Concerns: A 52-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department because of right leg swelling, pain, and redness for 3 days.

Adaptive cold-atom magnetometry mitigating the trade-off between sensitivity and dynamic range.

Cold-atom magnetometers can achieve an exceptional combination of superior sensitivity and high spatial resolution. One key challenge that these quantum sensors face is improving the sensitivity within a given timeframe while preserving a high dynamic range. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an adaptive entanglement-free cold-atom magnetometry with both superior sensitivity and high dynamic range.

Direct measurement of fluorocarbon radicals in the thermal destruction of perfluorohexanoic acid using photoionization mass spectrometry.

Thermal destruction is a critical cornerstone of addressing the rampant contamination of natural resources with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, grave concerns associated with stack emissions from incineration exist because mechanistic studies have thus far relied on ex situ analyses of end products and theoretical calculations. Here, we used synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry to study the pyrolysis of a representative PFAS-perfluorohexanoic acid-and provide direct evidence of fluorocarbon radicals and intermediates.

Manipulating perovskite structural asymmetry for high-performing self-powered full-stokes polarimetry.

Developing direct full-stokes imaging polarimetry is essential for various applications but remains challenging. Perovskites have superior optoelectronic properties and structural diversity, making them ideal candidates for high-performing direct full-stokes polarimetry. However, perovskite suffers low chiroptical activity due to inefficient chiral transfer, which greatly limits its circular-polarization-vector discrimination.

Phantom-metasurface cooperative system trained by a deep learning network driven by a bound state for a magnetic resonance-enhanced system.

With the development of medical imaging technology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an important tool for diagnosing and monitoring a variety of diseases. However, traditional MRI techniques are limited in terms of imaging speed and resolution. In this study, we developed an efficient body mode metasurface composite MRI enhancement system based on deep learning network training and realized the design and control of metasurface in the MHz band.

Twisted optical needle array sourced by a circular hyperbolic umbilic beam.

In this Letter, we propose an ultralong twisted optical needle array, derived from a circular hyperbolic umbilic beam (CHUB) array. When propagating within a parabolic potential, the CHUBs periodically focus on optical needles. By extending the Heisenberg equation from quantum mechanics to optics, we theoretically demonstrate that introducing a linear chirp phase and offset modulation causes the optical needles to propagate along spiral trajectories.

High-efficiency and high-brightness circular-clad, large-size, rectangular core crystalline waveguide Yb:YAG laser.

We report what we believe to be a novel circular-clad large-size rectangular core crystalline waveguide Yb:YAG laser. The waveguide has a rectangular core of Yb:YAG with 400 × 400 μm and a thin rod-shaped cladding of Er:YAG with a diameter of 1.2 mm and a length of 65 mm.

Extrinsic chiral plasmonic sensors based on a nanohole array.

Determining the stereochemical structures of biomolecules is very important for biomedicine, bioscience, and food safety due to the distinct biological functions of enantiomers. Chiral plasmonic sensors (CPSs) have demonstrated their ultra-sensitive detection ability to a few picogram levels due to the excited superchiral electromagnetic field near metasurfaces, which can greatly enhance the interaction between lights and chiral biomolecules. However, the reported CPSs usually rely on the intrinsic chiroptical effects that require at least two samples to determine the molecular structures, which decrease the detection precision and improve the detection cost.

Lithium niobate modulator from room temperature to cryogenic conditions.

Electro-optical (EO) modulators with lithium niobate waveguide are essential components in modern communication systems and quantum photonic applications. With the advancement of cryogenic photonic integrated circuits, they have become critical for cryogenic photonic readout, enabling massive data transfer from superconducting electronics to room temperature environments. Here, we demonstrate an integrated modulator based on a thin-film lithium niobate platform.

Effect of temperature on Brillouin scattering in gas-filled hollow-core fibers.

Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in gas-filled hollow-core fibers (HCFs) provides high gain and narrow linewidth, making it a promising platform for advanced photonic applications. While Brillouin gain is known to depend quadratically on pressure and linewidth inversely on pressure, the combined effect of pressure and temperature - through their influence on gas density-has not been fully explored. In this study, we demonstrate that lowering the gas temperature from 373.

Energy ratio controlled gate-tuning four-wave mixing in monolayer graphene.

Monolayer graphene, with a gapless conical electronic band structure, demonstrates scale invariance, showing universal linear optical responses. The impacts of this feature on nonlinear optical responses remain unclear. Our work reveals that the gate-tunable difference-frequency four-wave mixing (DFM) responses in monolayer graphene are significantly influenced by the energy ratios between excitation photons.

Event-driven neuromorphic holography for dynamic particle imaging.

Digital holography has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating dynamic particle behaviors in the spatiotemporal domain. However, the performance of this technique is fundamentally limited by the system's space-time bandwidth, leading to a trade-off between accuracy and speed. This study presents a novel, to the best of our knowledge, approach integrating event-driven neuromorphic imaging with digital holography for dynamic particle imaging.

Single-pixel diffractive imaging via regularized complex-amplitude retrieval.

For high-fidelity single-pixel complex-amplitude measurement, we implement robust and regularized wavefront separation by integrating multi-distance correlated reconstruction with constrained alternating projection retrievals. An adaptive dynamic weighting mechanism for group-wise wavefront updates further reinforces the stability and accuracy of imaging convergence. Additionally, a compressed phase retrieval driven by sparsity priors markedly optimizes efficiency by enabling wavefront reconstruction with single-frame diffraction.

Antihypertensive drug amlodipine besylate shows potential in alleviating diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common diabetic complication with no currently available curative treatments. Here, we demonstrated that the protein level of G-protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) is significantly repressed in the sciatic nerves (SN) of DPN patients, as well as in the peripheral nerves, including dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and SN, of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice and BKS Cg-m+/+Lepr db/J (db/db) type 2 diabetic mice. We identified that amlodipine besylate (AB), a first-line clinical antihypertensive drug, as a GPR40 agonist capable of alleviating DPN-like pathologies in mice.

Photoacoustic Imaging in Inflammatory Orthopedic Diseases: Progress toward Precise Diagnostics and Predictive Regulation.

With the intensification of aging issues, inflammatory orthopedic diseases almost occur in the majority of elderly people, which is becoming increasingly severe. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a non-invasive visualization technique for a clear diagnosis of the inflammation areas through detecting acoustic signals generated by the laser irradiation. The combination of "light input" and "acoustic output" provides unprecedented scalability as well as high penetration depth and resolution.

Palladium-Catalyzed Insertion of Allenes into Dithioacetals To Access 1,3-Dithioethers.

Great efforts have been devoted to synthesizing dithioethers due to their unique pharmaceutical properties. While significant success has been achieved in the synthesis of 1,1-dithioethers and 1,2-dithioethers, a concise and efficient strategy for the direct construction of 1,3-dithioethers has not yet been established. Herein, we developed a palladium-catalyzed thiomethylthiolation of allenes with dithioacetals to access a wide range of 1,3-dithioethers through the simultaneous construction of one carbon-carbon bond and one carbon-sulfur bond.

Global burden and risk factors of MASLD: trends from 1990 to 2021 and predictions to 2030.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasing globally, posing a major public health issue. This study analyzes the global, regional, and national burden of MASLD and its risk factors from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2030. We obtained data on MASLD prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 for 204 countries.

Network effects of traumatic brain injury: from infra slow to high frequency oscillations and seizures.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can have a multitude of effects on neural functioning. In extreme cases, TBI can lead to seizures both immediately following the injury as well as persistent epilepsy over years to a lifetime. However, mechanisms of neural dysfunctioning after TBI remain poorly understood.

Design of Ultra-Stable Solid Amine Adsorbents and Mechanisms of Hydroxyl Group-Dependent Deactivation for Reversible CO Capture from Flue Gas.

Although supported solid amine adsorbents have attracted great attention for CO capture, critical chemical deactivation problems including oxidative degradation and urea formation have severely restricted their practical applications for flue gas CO capture. In this work, we reveal that the nature of surface hydroxyl groups (metal hydroxyl Al-OH and nonmetal hydroxyl Si-OH) plays a key role in the deactivation mechanisms. The polyethyleneimine (PEI) supported on Al-OH-containing substrates suffers from severe oxidative degradation during the CO capture step due to the breakage of amine-support hydrogen bonding networks, but exhibits an excellent anti-urea formation feature by preventing dehydration of carbamate products under a pure CO regeneration atmosphere.

Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) and Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana) can discriminate between pilfering and non-pilfering conspecifics, but not between heterospecifics.

When foraging, individuals often need to assess potential risk from competitors. Within many food-caching (food-storing) species, individuals can modify their caching behavior depending on whether other individuals are present during the caching event. During caching, individuals may interact with not only conspecifics but also heterospecifics.

The impact of various types of α-thalassemia on perinatal complications and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women.

This study aims to investigate the adverse effects of different types of α-thalassemia on pregnant women and their differences, so as to provide reference for the prevention and monitoring of perinatal complications in different types of α-thalassemia pregnancy. The observation group comprised 1371 singleton pregnant women with α-thalassemia, control group comprised 680 non-thalassemia singleton pregnancies during the same period. The thalassemia genotypes of the observation group were tallied and categorized based on their respective genotypes within the group.

Exposure to polystyrene nanoplastics causes anxiety and depressive-like behavior and down-regulates EAAT2 expression in mice.

Microplastics exposure can induce brain dysfunction like cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of Polystyrene nanoplastics (NPS) on anxiety and depression in mice. First, Polystyrene nanoplastics (NPS) (10 mg/kg) were administered orally daily for two months starting at PND 21.