Manifestation of Herpetic Eye Disease after COVID-19 Vaccine: A UK Case Series.

Purpose: To highlight the potential risk of herpetic eye disease (HED) reactivation following COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with HED within 28 days post-first dose COVID-19 vaccination.

Results: Eleven eyes (n = 10 patients) were included.

Surgical management of infectious keratitis.

The successful management of infectious keratitis is usually achieved with a combination of tools for accurate diagnosis and targeted timely antimicrobial therapy. An armamentarium of surgical interventions is available in the acute stage which can be resorted to in a step wise manner or in combination guided by the response to treatment. Simple surgical modalities can facilitate accurate diagnosis e.

Clinical and in vivo confocal microscopic features of neuropathic corneal pain.

Aims: To describe clinical and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) features of neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) without clinically visible signs.

Methods: Prospective, observational study of 27 eyes of 14 patients who had continuous severe ocular pain for one or more years, with minimal or no ocular surface signs and were non-responsive to topical lubricants, steroids and/or ciclosporin. All patients were evaluated using Ocular Surface Disease Index, Oxford grading scale, Schirmer test 1, Cochet Bonnet esthesiometry and response to topical anaesthesia.

In vivo confocal microscopy features and clinicohistological correlation of limbal nerve corpuscles.

Aims: To describe the in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) features of human limbal nerve corpuscles (LNCs) and correlate these with the histological features.

Methods: We examined 40 eyes of 29 healthy living subjects (17 female, 12 male; mean age=47.6) by IVCM.

Corneal nerves in health and disease.

The cornea is the most sensitive structure in the human body. Corneal nerves adapt to maintain transparency and contribute to corneal health by mediating tear secretion and protective reflexes and provide trophic support to epithelial and stromal cells. The nerves destined for the cornea travel from the trigeminal ganglion in a complex and coordinated manner to terminate between and within corneal epithelial cells with which they are intricately integrated in a relationship of mutual support involving neurotrophins and neuromediators.

Nerve terminals at the human corneoscleral limbus.

Aims: To demonstrate and characterise distinct subepithelial compact nerve endings (CNE) at the human corneoscleral limbus.

Methods: Ten fresh human donor corneoscleral discs (mean age, 67 years) and 26 organ-cultured corneoscleral rims (mean age, 59 years) were studied. All samples were subjected to enzyme histochemical staining related to endogenous acetylcholinesterase present in nerve tissue and H&E staining.

Management of postkeratoplasty astigmatism by paired arcuate incisions with compression sutures.

Purpose: To analyse the efficacy of paired arcuate incisions and compression sutures technique in the management of post penetrating keratoplasty (PK) astigmatism.

Methods: A paired arcuate incision with compression sutures procedure was used to treat 26 eyes with post-PK astigmatism ranging from 6.00 to 16.

Wavefront-optimized excimer laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and myopic astigmatism: refractive outcomes and corneal densitometry.

Purpose: To determine the refractive outcomes of wavefront-optimized laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) treatments, in particular to measure corneal densitometry after LASIK using the densitometry function of the Pentacam Scheimpflug system.

Setting: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Design: Cohort study.

Profile of sight-threatening infectious keratitis: a prospective study.

Purpose: To prospectively study patients presenting with sight-threatening corneal ulcers with a view to identify the predisposing factors, causative organisms, clinical signs and treatment outcomes.

Methods: Prospectively, over 3-year period, all cases with serious infective keratitis presenting to Queens Medical Hospital in Nottingham, UK, were recruited. Detailed information on the aetiology, culture results, signs & symptoms, the treatment given and the patient's response was collected and statistically analysed.

Variable expression of human Beta defensins 3 and 9 at the human ocular surface in infectious keratitis.

Purpose: The authors have previously reported the presence of the antimicrobial peptides human beta defensin (hBD) 3 and hBD9 on the ocular surface (OS). These play an important role in infection and inflammation. In the present study, the authors studied the gene expression levels of hBD3 and hBD9 in healthy subjects and during and after healing of infectious keratitis.

Corneal densitometry as an indicator of corneal health.

Purpose: To establish prospectively the normal values of corneal density of healthy subjects using the Pentacam Scheimpflug system (Oculus, Inc., Wetzlar, Germany) and to investigate alteration in corneal density during active and healed stages of bacterial keratitis.

Design: Prospective, comparative case series.

Organization of the regenerated nerves in human corneal grafts.

Purpose: To examine by histopathology the degree of nerve regeneration in human corneal grafts and to determine the anatomic organization and morphology of the regenerated nerves.

Design: Experimental laboratory investigation.

Methods: Twelve corneal grafts from 12 patients (7 men and 5 women) aged 34-93 (mean, 66.

Correlation of central and peripheral corneal thickness in healthy corneas.

Purpose: To study the thickness profile of the normal cornea in order to establish any correlation between central and peripheral points.

Methods: Sixty-seven eyes of 40 patients were subjected to central corneal thickness measurement (CCT) with an ultrasound pachymeter (UP) and corneal thickness mapping with the Oculus Pentacam. The corneal apex thickness (CAT), pupil centre thickness (recorded as CCT and corresponded to CCT of UP) and thickness at the thinnest location (CTL) were obtained and compared with each other.

Efficacy, predictability, and safety of wavefront-guided refractive laser treatment: metaanalysis.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy, predictability, safety, and induced higher-order aberrations (HOAs) between wavefront-guided and non-wavefront-guided ablations.

Setting: Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

Design: Metaanalysis.

The morphologic characteristics of corneal nerves in advanced keratoconus as evaluated by acetylcholinesterase technique.

Purpose: To study the morphologic characteristics of corneal nerves in patients with advanced keratoconus using the acetylcholinesterase technique in corneal whole mounts.

Design: Prospective, observational case series.

Methods: Fourteen corneal buttons from 14 keratoconic patients (9 males and 5 females; mean age, 34.

Ex vivo confocal microscopy of human corneal nerves.

Aims: To evaluate the distribution, morphometry and the postmortem changes of the central and peripheral human corneal nerves by exvivo laser-scanning confocal microscopy (EVCM).

Methods: 24 eyes from 14 cadavers were retrieved at different time intervals after death and examined by EVCM. Five regions were examined in each eye: central, superior, inferior, temporal and nasal.

Architecture and distribution of human corneal nerves.

Aims: To comprehensively study the gross anatomy of human corneal innervation.

Methods: Twenty-one specimens, including 12 normal human corneas from seven deceased patients, two eye-bank corneo-scleral buttons, two eye-bank corneo-scleral rims and five post-surgical specimens from three patients with keratoconus were studied. Corneal whole mounts were stained for cholinesterase enzyme using the Karnovsky & Roots direct colouring thiocholine modification of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) technique.

Correlation between the pattern of myopic fundal changes and the axis of astigmatism of the eye.

Aims: Myopic fundal changes have been studied in great detail, clinically and pathologically. To our knowledge correlation between these changes and the axis of astigmatism has not been studied before. This study was conducted to assess the correlation, if any, between the pattern of myopic fundal changes and the axis of astigmatism.