Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis with multilocular mass on MRI.

Introduction: Xanthogranulomatous prostatitis is a very rare benign inflammatory lesion of the prostate that may be similar to prostatic carcinoma in clinical presentation and radiological characteristics.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of high prostate-specific antigen level. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a 6.

Adrenal ganglioneuroma with nodal metastases on I-MIBG SPECT/CT and F-FDG PET/CT.

Ganglioneuroma is a well-differentiated tumor originating from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system. Although benign, a few cases have been reported that ganglioneuroma can metastasize to other sites. We report a case of adrenal ganglioneuroma with para-aortic nodal metastases with low FDG and MIBG uptake.

Epstein-Barr virus-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma type methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders presenting in the adrenal gland.

Introduction: Methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders appear during treatment with methotrexate as an immunosuppressive drug. However, the mechanism and frequency are still unknown, and the treatment is undefined.

Case Presentation: A 76-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with back pain, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor in the right adrenal region.

Pathological complete response after nivolumab therapy following angiogenesis inhibitors in a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Nivolumab is effective for advanced renal cell carcinoma; however, reports are limited wherein nivolumab is combined with sequential therapy of angiogenesis inhibitors and metastasectomy.

Case Presentation: A 65-year-old man was diagnosed with left renal cell carcinoma of cT2aN0M1 with lung metastasis. The patient underwent nephrectomy and sequential therapy with interferon-α and angiogenesis inhibitors.

Removal of an encrusted ureteral stent by cutting the stent with a holmium laser using 4.5-Fr semi-rigid and flexible ureteroscopes.

Introduction: Ureteral stents (double-J stents) are widely used in urology to prevent or relieve ureteral obstruction and have become an integral part of urological practice. We have often experienced cases in which a stent cannot be removed due to encrustation.

Case Presentation: We describe the case of a 54-year-old male, who presented with a severely encrusted ureteral stent, which had only been inserted for one month until second surgery for renal stones.

Changes in Renal Function of Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma During Treatment with Molecular-Targeted Agents.

Background: Impairment of renal function is a serious issue that should be considered in patients undergoing treatment with molecular-targeted agents for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).

Aims: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of molecular-targeted therapy on changes in renal function among patients with mRCC.

Patients And Methods: The study included 408 mRCC patients treated with sunitinib, sorafenib, axitinib, everolimus and/or temsirolimus.

Renal Functional and Perioperative Outcomes of Selective Versus Complete Renal Arterial Clamping During Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy: Early Single-Center Experience With 39 Cases.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate clinical outcomes in patients undergoing selective versus conventional complete renal arterial clamping during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).

Methods: This study included 19 patients with renal tumors who received RAPN incorporating selective arterial clamping (group 1). The renal functional as well as perioperative outcomes in group 1 were compared with those in 20 patients with renal tumors undergoing RAPN with total clamping of the renal artery (group 2) during the same period.

Efficacy and tolerability of TIP (paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin) incorporated into induction chemotherapy for patients with intermediate- or poor-risk metastatic germ cell tumors.

The objective of this study was to analyze the clinical outcomes of TIP (paclitaxel, ifosfamide and cisplatin) incorporated into induction chemotherapy for patients with metastatic germ cell tumor (GCT) characterized by unfavorable clinical features. This study included 37 patients, who were categorized into intermediate- or poor-risk GCT according to the International Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCC). All 37 patients received two cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) followed by several cycles of TIP.

Significant impact of R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score on changes in postoperative renal function early after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Background: Our objective was to evaluate the significance of the R.E.N.

Histological evaluation of nerve sparing technique in robotic assisted radical prostatectomy.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to compare intrafascial nerve-sparing (NS), interfascial NS and non-NS prostatecomy specimens to assess the feasibility of NS technique in Robot-assisted radical prostatectomies (RARP).

Materials And Methods: The records of the first 43 consecutive patients (86 prostatic sides (lobe) who underwent NS RARP (6 intrafascial NS, 46 interfacial NS, 34 non-NS) were reviewed and histopathological examinations were performed. The presence and distribution of periprostatic neurovascular structures were histologically evaluated using mid-gland section of each prostate lobe in the prostatectomy specimen and it was immunostained with the S-100 antibody for quantitative analysis of nerves.

Surgery-related outcomes and postoperative split renal function by scintigraphy evaluation in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in complex renal tumors: an initial case series.

Purpose: To assess surgery-related outcomes and split renal function evaluated by renal scintigraphy in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) through the comparison between low and intermediate or highly complex renal tumors.

Methods: In the initial 39 consecutive RPNs performed for solid renal tumors in our hospital, tumors were categorized for their complexity (low, intermediate, and high risk for partial nephrectomy) by R.E.

Evaluation of a 3D system based on a high-quality flat screen and polarized glasses for use by surgical assistants during robotic surgery.

Introduction: One of the main benefits of robotic surgery is the surgeon's three-dimensional (3D) vision system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of 3D vision using a flat screen and polarized glasses for surgical skills during robotic surgeries.

Materials And Methods: In an experimental model, six surgeons performed three surgical tasks with laparoscopic devices using a standard 2D and a flat-screen 3D model with polarized glasses.

Assessment of postoperative quality of life: comparative study between laparoscopic and minimum incision endoscopic radical prostatectomies.

Background: To investigate the changes in postoperative quality of life (QOL) in patients with prostate cancer who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) or minimum incision endoscopic radical prostatectomy (MIE-RP).

Methods: This study included a total of 115 Japanese patients with clinically localized prostate cancer who underwent either LRP or MIE-RP and were subsequently followed for more than 12 months. Before and 12 months after surgery, health-related QOL and disease-specific QOL were assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 8-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) and the Expanded Prostate Index Composite (EPIC), respectively.

Comparison of the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approach in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in an initial case series in Japan.

Purpose: To compare the results from the transperitoneal and retroperitoneal approaches in our initial case series of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) in terms of surgical time, renal artery clamping time, postoperative renal function, adverse events, and surgical margin status.

Patients And Methods: The initial 26 consecutive RAPNs performed for solid renal tumors in our hospital were categorized by the approach used, transperitoneal or retroperitoneal, and compared for body mass index, tumor size, R.E.

Efficacy of using three-tesla magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of capsule invasion for decision-making about neurovascular bundle preservation in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of using 3-tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of extracapsular extension (ECE) for decision-making about neurovascular bundle (NVB) preservation in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for prostate cancer (PC).

Materials And Methods: We prospectively collected data on PC patients (n=67) who underwent preoperative 3-T MRI before RARP. The choice between nerve sparing or resection was based on 3-T MRI findings of ECE.

Comparison of postoperative infection between robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy and open radical prostatectomy.

Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has been rapidly adapted worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate postoperative infection (POI) after RALP and compare it with that after open radical prostatectomy (ORP).

Methods: 89 consecutive RALP cases and 105 recent ORP cases were enrolled.

Primary pediatric stage III renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Background: Although secondary renal involvement of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is frequently encountered, primary renal lymphoma is quite rare. We present a pediatric case of primary renal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Case Report: A 12-year-old girl presenting with gross hematuria was referred to our hospital.

Postoperative infectious complications in our early experience with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to retrospectively investigate postoperative infectious complications (PICs) in our early experience with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) followed by mechanical morcellation for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the clinical data for 90 consecutive patients who underwent HoLEP at our institution between February 2008 and March 2011. All patients were evaluated for the emergence of PICs, including prophylactic antibiotic administration (PAA) and the influence of the kind or duration of PAA on PIC.

Prognostic Factors Influencing Postoperative Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients with Small Renal Tumors who Underwent Partial Nephrectomy.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with the postoperative development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) following partial nephrectomy.

Patients And Methods: This study included 109 patients with normal renal function treated with partial nephrectomy for small renal tumors. Of these, 73 and 36 patients underwent open partial nephrectomy (OPN) and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN), respectively.

Significance of docetaxel-based chemotherapy as treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in Japanese men over 75 years old.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the significance of docetaxel-based chemotherapy in elderly Japanese men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Materials And Methods: This study included a total of 159 consecutive patients aged≥75 years with mCRPC who were treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy. The efficacy and tolerability of this therapy were retrospectively analyzed.

Prognostic significance of primary Gleason pattern in Japanese men with Gleason score 7 prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.

Objectives: To evaluate the significance of the primary Gleason pattern in patients with Gleason score (GS) 7 prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy.

Materials And Methods: This study included 959 consecutive Japanese men who underwent radical prostatectomy without neoadjuvant therapies and were subsequently diagnosed as having GS 7 prostate cancer based on the modified International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2005 Gleason grading system.

Results: Of these 959 patients, 666 (69.

Orthotopic sigmoid vs. ileal neobladders in Japanese patients: a comparative assessment of complications, functional outcomes, and quality of life.

Objectives: To compare the clinical outcomes of sigmoid and ileal neobladders (NBs) created following radical cystectomy.

Materials And Methods: This study included 90 and 144 Japanese patients undergoing radical cystectomy and orthotopic NB reconstruction with a sigmoid and ileal segment, respectively. Postoperative clinical outcomes between the sigmoid and ileal NB groups (SNBG and INBG) were compared.