Be familiar with benign pediatric head and neck lesions! Image interpretation guides to overcome your weakness.

Pediatric head and neck lesions include three main categories: congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic. It is important for management to understand the imaging features. The purpose of this pictorial review is to demonstrate the imaging features of benign head and neck lesions of pediatric patients.

Usefulness of advanced monoenergetic reconstruction technique in dual-energy computed tomography for detecting bladder cancer.

Purpose: Detecting bladder cancer (BC) in routine CT images is important but is sometimes difficult when cancer is small. We evaluated the ability of 40-keV advanced monoenergetic images to depict BC.

Materials And Methods: Fifty-two patients with a median age of 74 years (range 45-92) who were diagnosed as BC with transurethral resection or cystectomy, were included.

Myelolipoma mimicking osteosarcoma in the distal femur.

Introduction And Importance: Periosteal reactions indicate malignant bone tumors, including osteosarcoma; establishing an accurate diagnosis is key to determining the most appropriate treatment strategy. We describe a rare case of myelolipoma in the distal femur metaphysis with massive extraskeletal lesions and periosteal reactions.

Case Presentation: A 25-year-old woman was referred to our hospital to treat a gradually expanding mass around her knee that grew to the size of a baby's head.

Preoperative CT Findings for Predicting Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Pneumonia After Lung Cancer Surgery: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.

Acute exacerbation (AE) is a life-threatening complication of inter-stitial pneumonia (IP). Thoracic surgery may trigger AE. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of preoperative CT findings in predicting postoperative AE in patients with IP and lung cancer.

Advanced monoenergetic reconstruction technique for dual-energy computed tomography to evaluate endoleaks after endovascular stent-graft placement.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the advanced monoenergetic imaging (AMI) reconstruction technique for dual-energy computed tomography to evaluate endoleaks after endovascular stent-graft placement.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-five dual-phase (early and delayed phases) enhanced CT examinations were performed for 60 patients who underwent endovascular stent-graft placement. AM images were reconstructed at 40 keV and compared with the standard 120-kVp images (SI).

Comparison of Real-Time Virtual Sonography Navigation Versus BioJet Navigation on Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Prostate Needle Biopsy: A Single Institutional Analysis.

To analyze the effectiveness and complication rate of MRI-guided prostate needle biopsies by using real-time virtual sonography (RVS) BioJet navigation. We retrospectively reviewed 171 patients who underwent an MRI-guided prostate needle biopsy at our institution. Patients whose prostate-specific antigen level was >4.

Usefulness of the advanced monoenergetic image reconstruction in dual-energy computed tomography for detecting the perforator vein of lower extremity varix.

Background: Identification of the perforator vein is important for treating lower extremity varix.

Purpose: We evaluated the ability of 40-keV advanced monoenergetic images to depict the perforator vein in patients with lower extremity varix.

Material And Methods: Thirty-three patients aged 52-86 years were examined with contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (CT) and advanced virtual monoenergetic images (40 keV) were reconstructed.

Evaluation of Thin-slice Coronal Single-shot Turbo Spin-echo Diffusion-weighted Imaging of the Hand: A Comparison with Conventional Echo-planar Diffusion-weighted Imaging.

We prospectively evaluated thin-slice coronal turbo spin-echo (TSE) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) covering a larger area with the recently-developed techniques on a 3T MRI scanner, compared with echo-planar imaging (EPI)-DWI in patients undergoing routine hand MRI. Visual score assessment and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement were performed for patients with suspected hand tumors. TSE-DWI was superior to EPI-DWI, with less image distortion.

Visibility of the hilar lymph nodes using advanced virtual monoenergetic low-keV images for preoperative evaluation of lung cancer.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the visibility of the hilar lymph nodes (LNs) using advanced virtual monoenergetic low-keV images compared with early-phase contrast-enhanced CT.

Methods: Dual energy contrast-enhanced CT was performed for pre-operative evaluation of lung cancer at 20 and 60 s after administration of contrast media in 50 patients (32 males and 18 females; mean age, 69 years). Five kinds of images (A: 20 s/120 kV; B: 60 s/40 keV; C: 60 s/50 keV; D: 60 s/120 kV; E: 60 s/100 kV) were reconstructed.

Laparoscopic radical surgery produces a good prognosis in an elderly patient with small Wilms' tumor.

Introduction: Renal nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms' tumor, is the most common malignant renal tumor to affect children. Although rare in adults, nephroblastoma in adults is often found in its advanced stages and has a poorer prognosis than cases occurring in childhood. No report has described the efficacy of laparoscopic surgery in small diameter renal tumors in elderly patients.

Ultrasonographic findings of : A case report.

A 6-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital due to discharging the strobila of a tapeworm () from her anus. Before excreting the tapeworm completely with anthelmintics, ultrasonography was performed. The tapeworm was shown as a slightly high echoic strand-like lesion on ultrasonography in the terminal ileum.

Fibrin sheath of a peripherally inserted central catheter undepicted with gray-scale (real-time B-mode) ultrasonography: A case report.

An 11-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with the acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure. A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was inserted from the left forearm. Ten days after its insertion, the withdrawal of PICC was attempted because of occlusion.

Useful computed tomography features for differentiating between focal atelectasis and pleural dissemination on preoperative evaluations of thymic epithelial tumors.

Purpose: Distinguishing between focal atelectasis (FA) and pleural dissemination (PD) is important for determining the optimal therapeutic strategy for thymic epithelial tumors (TET). This study aimed to identify useful computed tomography (CT) features for distinguishing between these two conditions.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed preoperative CT images of 27 TET, which included 40 PD and 40 FA lesions.

Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma with Glandular Differentiation That Confirmed the Response by Autopsy Specimen to Second-Line mFOLFOX6 (Fluorouracil, Oxaliplatin, and Leucovorin) plus Bevacizumab Chemotherapy.

The prognostic significance of glandular differentiation in urothelial carcinoma (UC) is controversial, and thus far there is no established treatment strategy against metastasis of glandular component. We describe here a case of metastatic UC with glandular differentiation that had histological disappearance of adenocarcinoma components at autopsy after sequential chemotherapy with S-1 and cisplatin (CDDP) and with mFOLFOX6 (fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin) plus bevacizumab (mFOLFOX6+Bev). A 62-year-old Asian male was diagnosed with invasive UC with glandular differentiation (T2N0M0) by radical cystectomy and ileal conduit, and careful follow-up observation was made.

Investigation of an appropriate contrast-enhanced CT protocol for young patients following the Fontan operation.

Purpose: Children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) may need to be followed up with contrast-enhanced CT following the Fontan operation because complications such as the occlusion of conduits may occur. The purpose of the present study was to develop an adequate contrast-enhanced CT protocol for children with CHD following the Fontan operation.

Materials And Methods: Between July 2012 and July 2017, 29 CT examinations for 26 patients aged 2-11 years (median 5 years) with CHD following the Fontan operation were performed using dual-source CT.

Unilateral pulmonary artery pre-operative occlusion test: technical feasibility and safety prior to pneumonectomy or pleuropneumonectomy for malignancy.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the technical feasibility and safety of the unilateral pulmonary artery occlusion (UPAO) test in pre-operative evaluation of pneumonectomy or pleuropneumonectomy for lung or pleural tumours.

Methods: The UPAO test was performed on 91 patients who were scheduled to undergo or were being considered for pneumonectomy or pleuropneumonectomy between June 2003 and July 2016. There were 74 males and 17 females, with a median age of 65 years (range, 23-80).

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma in a girl: MRI findings and their chronological changes.

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (CAF) is a rare benign tumor that typically develops in the fascia and tendons. On MRI, CAF usually shows isointensity on T1WI and heterogeneous high intensity on T2WI. We report a case of 17-month-old girl with CAF on her right ankle.

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Renal Angiomyolipoma Using a Micro-balloon Catheter and a Mixture of Ethanol and Lipiodol.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) for renal angiomyolipoma (AML) using a micro-balloon catheter and a mixture of ethanol and lipiodol.

Materials And Methods: Twelve consecutive patients with 15 AMLs, 9 females and 3 males, with a median age of 44 years (range, 11-81), underwent this procedure between 2011 and 2016. In all procedures, a micro-balloon catheter was advanced to the feeding artery of the AML and TAE was performed with a mixture of ethanol and lipiodol under balloon inflation.