Circadian Rhythm of Subspecies of Low-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Aims: We established automated assay kits for quantifying small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL)-cholesterol (C), LDL-triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)3-C, and apolipoprotein (apo)E-rich HDL-C, and these have been recognized as sensitive biomarkers for predicting coronary artery disease. We investigated the circadian rhythms of these novel lipids to determine if fasting is required to determine basal levels.

Methods: Forty-eight inpatients with type 2 diabetes and 19 healthy volunteers were studied.

Metabolic Properties of Lowdensity Lipoprotein (LDL) Triglycerides in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Comparison with Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol.

Aims: Abnormal compositional changes in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, such as triglyceride (TG) enrichment and size reduction, are common in patients with diabetes. Several cohort studies have demonstrated that LDL-TG and sdLDL-cholesterol (C) are sensitive biomarkers for predicting atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases beyond LDL-C. Although sdLDL has been extensively studied, little is known about the properties of LDL-TG.

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Triglyceride and Its Ratio to LDL-Cholesterol as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis.

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common type of liver disease, but it is difficult to distinguish its pathogenic phenotype, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) without a liver biopsy. We analyzed serum lipids, including low-density lipoprotein triglyceride (LDL-TG), to elucidate their usefulness for diagnosing NASH.

Patients And Methods: Serum samples obtained from 35 NASH and 9 NAFL biopsy-confirmed patients and 6 healthy volunteers (HLT) were studied for 13 lipid-related markers and compared between HLT, NAFL, and NASH groups.

Development and Population Results of a Fully Automated Homogeneous Assay for LDL Triglyceride.

Background: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is measured by its cholesterol content (LDL-C), but it has been suggested that LDL triglyceride (LDL-TG) may also be related to coronary artery disease risk. LDL-TG can be measured after ultracentrifugation or electrophoresis, but these are labor intensive methods, indicating the need for an automated homogeneous assay.

Methods: TG-rich lipoproteins (TRLs), LDL, and HDL were isolated by ultracentrifugation and used to determine optimal characteristics of surfactants and various enzymes for assay development.

Development of a homogeneous assay for measurement of small dense LDL cholesterol.

Background: Plasma concentrations of small dense (sd)-LDL are associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular events. However, the special equipment and long assay times required for sd-LDL measurement have hindered its clinical application. Herein, we report development of a simple homogeneous assay for sd-LDL-cholesterol (C) adaptable to autoanalyzers.

Analysis of acetaminophen glucuronide conjugate accompanied by adduct ion production by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is an effective method for the analysis of polar compounds. A coupling of LC-MS, which is used under conventional conditions, and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), which applies mild ionization for the analysis of water-soluble drug conjugates, would offer a very convenient method. The APCI method is effective for ionizing low- and medium-polarized compounds, but not for highly polarized compounds.