Publications by authors named "Motoki Iwasaki"

Background: Intake of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) has been suggested to have a prophylactic effect against carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the possible effect of plasma BCAA concentration has not been fully evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a prospective case-control study within a cohort of four public health center areas for which blood sample and questionnaire data from a 5-year follow-up survey were available.

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Background: Although cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption are established causes of cancer, most cohort studies and meta-analyses have reported inverse associations with thyroid cancer (TC) risk. However, epidemiological evidence for this possibility is limited in Asia, where TC histologic type differs from the West. Here, we examined the association between cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption and risk of TC in Japanese.

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Background: Given the opposing properties of uric acid (UA), which are intracellular prooxidant action and extracellular antioxidant action, the association of circulating UA levels with dementia remains controversial. We aimed to ascertain whether both lower and higher plasma UA levels are associated with the risk of incident dementia among middle-aged and older population.

Methods: 1685 participants (530 men and 1155 women) aged 40-69 years at baseline (1990-1993) were randomly selected for plasma UA measurement from base cohort participants who responded to the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Results showed that a higher PRS was more strongly related to EGFR-positive LUAD cases (OR=8.63) than to EGFR-negative cases (OR=3.50), indicating a significant association based on mutation status.
  • * These findings imply that genetic susceptibility to LUAD differs in never-smoking East Asian women depending on whether the cancer has specific mutations, which could affect public health strategies and clinical practices.*
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Background: The health statuses of closely connected individuals are interdependent. Little is known about mortality risk associated with partner's cancer diagnosis and cause-specific mortality risk associated with partner's death.

Methods: Relative risks for all-cause and cause-specific mortality following a partner's cancer diagnosis or death compared to the period when the partner is cancer-free and alive were investigated in the population-based prospective cohort study that enrolled 140,420 people at the age between 40-69 in 1990-1994.

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  • * The newly developed multi-ancestry PRS showed a strong correlation with LUAD risk, indicating that individuals in the highest PRS percentile had significantly increased risk compared to those in the lowest.
  • * Findings suggest that those in the highest risk category have a lifetime risk of about 6.69%, and they reach the average population's 10-year risk for LUAD by age 41, highlighting the importance of multi-ancestry PRS for better risk assessment in this group.
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Study Design: A retrospective analysis.

Objective: This research sought to develop a predictive model for surgical outcomes in patients with cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) using deep learning and machine learning (ML) techniques.

Summary Of Background Data: Determining surgical outcomes assists surgeons in communicating prognosis to patients and setting their expectations.

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To ascertain the involvement of insulin receptors (IRs) in colorectal carcinogenesis, we investigated the association of height, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity with colorectal cancer (CRC) and two subtypes of CRC according to the expression level of IR. We utilized data from a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study of 18,158 middle-aged and elderly subjects in Akita and Okinawa, Japan. In the statistical analysis, we used the Cox proportional hazards model and estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of CRC and its subtypes as defined by immunohistochemistry of IRβ, a transmembrane subunit of IR.

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Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) has been molecularly classified into several subtypes according to tumor, stromal, and immune components. Here, we investigated whether the preventive effect of vitamin D on CRC varies with subtypes defined by Vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in tumors and their surrounding stroma, along with the association of somatic mutations in CRC.

Methods: In a population-based prospective study of 22,743 Japanese participants, VDR expression levels in tumors and their surrounding stroma were defined in 507 cases of newly diagnosed CRC using immunohistochemistry.

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Several epidemiologic studies have investigated the circulating levels of albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid (UA) in relation to cancer risk; however, they have provided equivocal evidence. In this prospective case-cohort study, we measured the plasma levels of albumin, bilirubin, and UA and investigated their association with cancer incidence in 3584 case patients and 4270 randomly selected participants with a median follow-up of 15.8 years.

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Background: The influence of sugar intake on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial, and there is a need to investigate the heterogeneity of effects among racial and ethnic groups.

Objectives: To examine the association of intake of simple sugars and their food sources with CRC risk according to race/ethnicity in a multiethnic cohort study.

Methods: We analyzed data from 192,651 participants who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study comprising African American, Japanese American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and White older adults living in Hawaii and California with an average follow-up of 19 y.

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Purpose: Fish and shellfish consumption is suggested to be a cancer-protective factor. However, studies investigating this association for gastric cancer, especially considering Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and atrophic gastritis (AG), are limited.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between various beverage types (sugary drinks, carbonated beverages, vegetable and fruit juices, sweetened and black coffee, and green tea) and depression among individuals in an Asian population, with a focus on the years 2011-2016 and a five-year follow-up.
  • The research included 94,873 participants, out of which 80,497 completed the follow-up, revealing that high consumption of sugary drinks, carbonated beverages, vegetable juice, and sweetened coffee was associated with increased depression rates, while black coffee consumption appeared to have a protective effect.
  • The study utilized advanced statistical methods to ensure robust findings, indicating no significant differences based on participants' sex,
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Accurate measurement of sodium intake in the diet is challenging, and epidemiological studies can be hampered by the attenuation of associations due to measurement error in sodium intake. A prediction formula for habitual 24-h urine sodium excretion and sodium-to-potassium ratio might lead to more reliable conclusions. Five 24-h urinary samples and two Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQs) were conducted among 244 Japanese participants aged 35-80 years.

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Background: The mechanistic associations between obesity and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here, using body mass index (BMI) as an obesity indicator, we decomposed the total effects of obesity on the risk of CRC into: (1) direct effects, which are possibly mediated by unmeasured or currently unknown factors; (2) indirect effects mediated by circulating leptin and adiponectin; and (3) indirect effects that are not mediated by circulating leptin and adiponectin but by hyperinsulinemia and chronic inflammation (assessed via circulating connecting peptide and C-reactive protein, respectively).

Methods: We adopted a causal mediation framework, using data from a large prospective cohort study of 44,271 Japanese men.

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Purpose: Dietary fiber is a possible nutritional component which aids in the prevention of visceral fat accumulation. We examined the association between dietary fiber intake and visceral fat volume (VFV) by sex, and further analysed the association by major food sources of dietary fiber.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we measured VFV in 2779 Japanese (1564 men and 1215 women) aged 40-89 who underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography for cancer screening between 2004 and 2005.

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  • This study addresses the genetic factors affecting kidney function in East Asians, particularly the Japanese, highlighting the need for more extensive GWAS with larger sample sizes due to limited previous research.* -
  • Utilizing data from around 200,000 Japanese participants, the authors conducted a meta-analysis that revealed 110 loci linked to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 112 loci associated with serum creatinine (SCr).* -
  • The findings include a novel variant (CD36 rs146148222) and suggest that understanding these genetic associations can lead to personalized strategies for preventing kidney diseases in the future.*
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Objective: This population-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the relationship between a history of glaucoma and subjective happiness.

Methods And Analysis: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey of 92 397 Japanese men and women aged 40-74 who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation study. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the ORs of glaucoma associated with subjective happiness and their two-sided 95% CIs.

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Because of within-individual variation, surveys to estimate an individual's usual food intake must be conducted over many days, in general. Here, using non-invasive biomarkers, we examined the number of measurements required to screen for the usual intake of fruit and vegetables, in addition to sodium, potassium, and the sodium-to-potassium (Na/K) ratio. Participants were 202 subjects aged 40-74 years from five areas of Japan who completed weighed food records (WFR) and five 24-hour urinary collections (24-h UCs) between 2012 and 2013.

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Several studies have investigated the association between the use of anti-cholesterol drugs and cancer risks, of which results have been inconsistent. This study included 67,768 participants from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. The data on anti-cholesterol drug use was collected using three questionnaires of the survey conducted every five years.

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  • A study investigated the genetic factors influencing alcohol consumption in 175,672 Japanese individuals, focusing on a specific genetic variant (rs671) associated with drinking behavior.
  • The analysis found significant genetic interactions, identifying three key genetic locations in individuals with one variant (wild-type homozygotes) and six in those with two variants (heterozygotes), with some linked to esophageal cancer risk.
  • The research highlights how genetic makeup can shape alcohol consumption patterns and potentially increase the risk of alcohol-related diseases in different ancestral groups.
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Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a complex condition that combines scoliosis, kyphosis, pain, and postoperative range of motion limitation. The lack of a scale that can successfully capture this complex condition is a clinical challenge. We aimed to develop a disease-specific scale for ASD.

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