A modified GnRH antagonist method in combination with letrozole, cabergoline, and GnRH antagonist for PCOS: Safe and effective ovarian stimulation to treat PCOS and prevent OHSS.

Purpose: To analyze the therapeutic efficacy of a modified controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) that does not cause ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) while maintaining oocyte quality.

Method: This study is a retrospective cohort study of reproductive medicine at St. Mother Clinic.

Analysis of vaginal and endometrial microbiota communities in infertile women with a history of repeated implantation failure.

Purpose: To identify specific bacterial communities in vaginal and endometrial microbiotas as biomarkers of implantation failure by comprehensively analyzing their microbiotas using next-generation sequencing.

Methods: We investigated α- and β-diversities of vaginal and endometrial microbiotas using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared their profiles between 145 women with repeated implantation failure (RIF) and 21 controls who lacked the factors responsible for implantation failure with a high probability of being healthy and fertile to identify specific bacteria that induce implantation failure.

Results: The endometrial microbiotas had higher α-diversities than did the vaginal microbiotas ( < .

Modified permeable cryoprotectant-free vitrification method for three or fewer ejaculated spermatozoa from cryptozoospermic men and 7-year follow-up study of 14 children born from this method.

Study Question: What technique can be used to successfully cryopreserve three or fewer ejaculated spermatozoa from cryptozoospermic men and is the physical and cognitive development of children born after this technique normal?

Summary Answer: The modified cryopreservation method for three or fewer human spermatozoa from cryptozoospermic men showed a recovery rate above 95% and a survival rate just under 90%, and the physical and cognitive abilities of the children born after ICSI were comparable to those born after natural conception.

What Is Known Already: Clinical outcomes of ICSI using cryptozoospermic men's ejaculated spermatozoa are considered to be inferior to that using testicular spermatozoa from microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (Micro-TESE), possibly because the DNA fragmentation rate is higher in ejaculated spermatozoa than in testicular spermatozoa from Micro-TESE.

Study Design, Size, Duration: Evaluation of the efficiency of cryopreservation of three or fewer spermatozoa was conducted retrospectively at St.

Ninety babies born after round spermatid injection into oocytes: survey of their development from fertilization to 2 years of age.

Objective: To compare physical and cognitive development of babies born after round spermatid injection (ROSI) with those born after natural conception.

Design: Comparison of efficiencies of ROSI and ICSI using testicular spermatozoa, performed in the St. Mother Clinic.

Genetic risk of Klinefelter's syndrome in assisted reproductive technology.

Aim: The main cause of Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) has been believed to be XY sperm. Accordingly, in the intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment of patients with KS, hereditary KS has been a concern. Therefore, this study attempted to estimate the risk before and after the assisted reproductive technology.

Fourteen babies born after round spermatid injection into human oocytes.

During the human in vitro fertilization procedure in the assisted reproductive technology, intracytoplasmic sperm injection is routinely used to inject a spermatozoon or a less mature elongating spermatid into the oocyte. In some infertile men, round spermatids (haploid male germ cells that have completed meiosis) are the most mature cells visible during testicular biopsy. The microsurgical injection of a round spermatid into an oocyte as a substitute is commonly referred to as round spermatid injection (ROSI).

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis and Natural Conception: A Comparison of Live Birth Rates in Patients with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Associated with Translocation.

Background: Established causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) include antiphospholipid syndrome, uterine anomalies, parental chromosomal abnormalities, particularly translocations, and abnormal embryonic karyotypes. The number of centers performing preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) for patients with translocations has steadily increased worldwide. The live birth rate with PGD was reported to be 27-54%.

Human sperm head vacuoles are physiological structures formed during the sperm development and maturation process.

Objective: To clarify whether human sperm vacuoles affected intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) success rates.

Design: Retrospective study.

Setting: A private infertility clinic.

An investigation of the potential effect of vacuoles in human sperm on DNA damage using a chromosome assay and the TUNEL assay.

Background: The aims of this study were to establish whether individual differences exist in the frequency and size of vacuoles found in human sperm and to ascertain whether such vacuoles are involved in causing DNA damage.

Methods: Morphologically normal sperm were obtained from 15 IVF and 2 ICSI patients and 3 fertile donors. (i) Sperm heads were analyzed for the presence of vacuoles under a 1000× differential interference contrast microscope.

Metaphase II karyoplast transfer from human in-vitro matured oocytes to enucleated mature oocytes.

Metaphase II karyoplast transfer is believed to be a useful method to rescue aged oocytes. This study attempted karyoplast transfer of in-vitro matured metaphase II (MII) oocytes, as a model of aged oocytes, into enucleated freshly ovulated metaphase II oocytes with visualization of their chromosomes under an inverted microscope. Recipient karyoplasts derived from immature oocytes were cultured in-vitro until first polar body extrusion.

Differentiation of human round spermatids into motile spermatozoa through in vitro coculture with Vero cells.

Purpose: This study was undertaken to examine whether human early round spermatids will differentiate in an in vitro coculture with Vero cells.

Methods: A total of 1450 and 400 isolated early round spermatids mechanically collected from two non-obstructive and three obstructive azoospermic men with a normal karyotype were cocultured on Vero cell monolayers in minimum essential medium plus 10% fetal bovine serum, with or without 50 or 100 IU/L FSH and 1 or 10 μmol/L testosterone, at 32.5°C, in an environment of 5% CO in air.

Isolated spermatogonia protrude active pseudopodia in vitro.

When dispersed spermatogenic cells obtained by enzymatic digestion from prepuberal mice, adult male mice, nonazoospermic men and normospermic men were observed live using Normarski optics, it was found that, respectively, 47.4%, 1.4%, 5.

Preimplantation diagnosis of repeated miscarriage due to chromosomal translocations using metaphase chromosomes of a blastomere biopsied from 4- to 6-cell-stage embryos.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and accuracy of karyotyping the blastomere chromosomes at metaphase in the natural cell cycle for preimplantation diagnosis.

Design: A pilot study.

Setting: A private infertility clinic and a university laboratory.