Target-Oriented Classification of Triple-negative Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: Breast cancer that is estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, progesterone receptor (PR)-negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative is termed triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the first choice of treatment against TNBC due to lack of specific therapeutic targets. TNBC is not classified based on therapeutic targets, but recently, the development of targeted therapies - including immune checkpoint inhibitors and poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors - has gained attention.

A Rare Case of Bilateral Pectoralis Major Muscle Defect and Abnormal Muscle.

A 56-year-old female patient with left breast cancer presented at our hospital. Preoperative CT scan showed an isolated bilateral pectoralis major muscle defect and abnormal muscle originating from the entire sternum and inserting in the lower ribs and rectus sheath. Total mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection were performed.

Size Dependency of Selective Cellular Uptake of Epigallocatechin Gallate-modified Gold Nanoparticles for Effective Radiosensitization.

The high incidence and mortality of cancer make it a global health issue. However, conventional cancer therapies have several disadvantages, especially serious side effects due to low selective toxicity to cancer cells. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an excellent drug carrier, enhance drug delivery efficiency, and hold promise for photothermal and radiation therapies.

[A Case of Metastatic Recurrent Breast Cancer Successfully with Olaparib in Late Line Therapy].

A 44-years-old woman who underwent bilateral mastectomy was treated with chemotherapy after axillary lymph nodes and liver metastases recurrence. She was referred to our hospital for BRCA1/2 germline test and the test revealed BRCA2 pathogenic mutation. Before the administration of olaparib as the fourth-line therapy, liver dysfunction, caused by extensive liver metastasis, was observed.

Oncogenic miRNAs Identified in Tear Exosomes From Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients.

Background/aim: Exosomes are produced by normal and cancer cells. Exosomes are found in the serum of cancer patients and have been used for diagnosis and prognosis. Recently tears from non-cancer patients have been found to contain exosomes.

Tamoxifen withdrawal in women with progressive metastatic breast cancer: a case series of six patients.

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancers after a period of response to tamoxifen develop resistance, and the disease progresses clinically. Domination of partial agonistic activity of tamoxifen over its antagonist activity has been implicated as one of the mechanisms for acquired tamoxifen resistance. Six patients with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen withdrawal were retrospectively reviewed.

Predicting metastasis in clinically negative axillary lymph nodes with minimum apparent diffusion coefficient value in luminal A-like breast cancer.

Background: We investigated the usefulness of the minimum ADC value of primary breast lesions for predicting axillary lymph node (LN) status in luminal A-like breast cancers with clinically negative nodes in comparison with the mean ADC.

Methods: Forty-four luminal A-like breast cancers without axillary LN metastasis at preoperative clinical evaluation, surgically resected with sentinel LN biopsy, were retrospectively studied. Mean and minimum ADC values of each lesion were measured and statistically compared between LN positive (n = 12) and LN negative (n = 32) groups.

mutation, reduced AKT serine 473 phosphorylation, and increased ERα serine 167 phosphorylation are positive prognostic indicators in postmenopausal estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer.

Although endocrine therapy is the most important treatment option in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, new strategies, such as molecular targeted agents together with endocrine therapy are required to improve survival. is the most frequent mutated gene in ER-positive early breast cancers, and mutation status is reported to affect activation of AKT and ERα. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that patients had a better prognosis when tumors expressed ER, androgen receptor (AR), and vitamin D receptor (VDR).

Genetic and environmental factors and serum hormones, and risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women.

Breast cancer incidence in Japanese women has more than tripled over the past two decades. We have previously shown that this marked increase is mostly due to an increase in the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, HER2-negative subtype. We conducted a case-control study; ER-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer patients who were diagnosed since 2011 and women without disease were recruited.

Automatic Estimation of Volumetric Breast Density Using Artificial Neural Network-Based Calibration of Full-Field Digital Mammography: Feasibility on Japanese Women With and Without Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer among women and its incidence is increasing. Risk assessment is valuable and recent methods are incorporating novel biomarkers such as mammographic density. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are adaptive algorithms capable of performing pattern-to-pattern learning and are well suited for medical applications.

Strong cytoplasmic expression of NF-κB/p65 correlates with a good prognosis in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Recent studies have indicated that constitutive NF-κB activity could be involved in the proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer.

Methods: The NF-κB/p65 expression and the effects of a NF-κB inhibitor, (-)-DHMEQ, were examined in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Women with triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed for their expression of NF-κB/p65, Bcl2 and Ki67 by immunohistochemistry in pre- and post-treatment specimens.

Anoikis induction and inhibition of peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor, (-)-DHMEQ.

The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays a crucial role in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. NF-κB is also involved in resistance to anoikis, a special type of apoptosis induced when cells are detached from the extracellular matrix or other cells. Anoikis resistance is related to the metastatic abilities of tumor cells; however, little is known about anoikis induction as it relates to inhibition of PC metastasis by NF-κB inhibitors.