Functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) and their families: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: Currently, paradoxical findings exist regarding the level of functioning in individuals with Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal).

Aims: This systematic review aimed to clarify the functioning, disability, and health of individuals with Hikikomori and their families in comparison to those without Hikikomori.

Method: Relevant studies were searched from April 22 to 25, 2022, using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and two Japanese databases.

Successful remote treatment of a client with Hikikomori using internet-delivered cognitive therapy for social anxiety disorder: a case report.

Hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) has been discussed as a hidden worldwide epidemic and a significant social and healthcare issue. Social anxiety disorder is the most common psychiatric disorder preceding the onset of Hikikomori. Although studies exist suggesting the effectiveness of family-support interventions, little is known about psychotherapeutic approaches for Hikikomori individuals.

The suitability of outing frequency as a definition of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal).

Unlabelled: Recent research has employed outing frequency, referred to in this study as one's frequency of going out of the home, as a condition to define and determine the severity of (prolonged social withdrawal). However, there is little definitive evidence on this topic. Furthermore, compared to the previous definition, it is unclear how the scope of hikikomori included in the proposed condition differs.

3-day intervention program for family members of hikikomori sufferers: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Backgrounds: Hikikomori, pathological social withdrawal, is becoming a crucial mental health issue in Japan and worldwide. We have developed a 3-day family intervention program for hikikomori sufferers based on Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) and Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). This study aims to confirm the effectiveness of the 3-day program by a randomized controlled trial.

Measuring the Quality of Life for Individuals With Prolonged Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori).

Objective: This study aimed to develop a quality of life scale for hikikomori (QOL-H), measuring the subjective quality of life (QOL) of individuals with hikikomori, and confirming its reliability and validity.

Methods: The characteristics of the scale were examined using item response theory. Data were collected from 99 people with hikikomori, 100 people who had experienced hikikomori in the past, and 198 people who had not experienced hikikomori, to develop the scale, examine its reliability, validity, and characteristics.

Who are hikikomori? Demographic and clinical features of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal): A systematic review.

Objective: This review, which was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021237988), aimed to systematically extract common elements in the hikikomori definition or criteria applied by researchers and examine cultural differences and chronological changes in the demographic characteristics of hikikomori individuals such as age, gender and hikikomori duration.

Method: For inclusion in the review, the hikikomori criteria, age and gender of the hikikomori individuals had to be specified, and the article had to be peer-reviewed and written in Japanese or English, focusing on hikikomori individuals or their families. Case studies, reviews and qualitative studies were excluded.

Psychological Factors Associated with Social Withdrawal (Hikikomori).

Objective: Cases of prolonged social withdrawal (hikikomori) have recently been reported in several countries. This study examined the impact of cognitive-behavioral and emotional factors on hikikomori behavior to identify intervention targets. Identifying such targets could facilitate the development of techniques to address hikikomori characteristics.

A correlational study of socioeconomic factors and the prevalence of hikikomori in Japan from 2010 to 2019.

Background: Although several surveys have suggested that socioeconomic factors function as background variables for the incidence of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal), no research has directly examined whether socioeconomic indicators increase the incidence of hikikomori. This study aimed to examine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the incidence of hikikomori using data from eight cross-sectional studies conducted by our group between 2010 and 2019.

Methods: We used socio-economic data from national surveys and collected the demographic data of members of a multi-branch Japanese association for family members of hikikomori patients for the period of 2010-2019.

Family Behavioral Repertoires and Family Interaction Influence the Adaptive Behaviors of Individuals With .

Family support is key in the initial stages of psychological support for individuals with . However, it remains necessary to confirm the relationship between families' cognitive behavioral factors and the severity of hikikomori to understand ways of improving hikikomori. We examined the influences of family behavioral repertoires for coping with hikikomori and family interaction on the adaptive behaviors of individuals with hikikomori.

[The effect of hikikomori on quality of life].

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of hikikomori, a Japanese term denoting "prolonged social withdrawal", on quality of life (QOL). Individuals with hikikomori at present (n = 26) and in the past (n = 31), as well as mildly depressed individuals without hikikomori (n = 114) and highly depressed individuals without hikikomori (n = 27) were requested to complete the WHO Quality of Life 26 (QOL26). The results of MANOVA indicated that the present hikikomori group's scores on the social relationships domains of the QOL26 were significantly lower than the scores of the highly depressed group.

General condition of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) in Japan: psychiatric diagnosis and outcome in mental health welfare centres.

Background: The issue of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal) among Japanese youth has attracted attention from international experts. In previous research, the unique cultural and social factors of Japanese society have been the focus; however, in order to resolve the problem of hikikomori, individual mental health problems must be included.

Aim: We examined the psychiatric background of individuals with hikikomori.

Close relationship between strict blood glucose control, including suppression of blood glucose variability, and mortality reduction in acutely ill patients with glucose intolerance investigated by means of a bedside-type artificial pancreas.

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between strict control of blood glucose (BG) and mortality reduction with the use of an artificial pancreas (AP). Patients were evaluated in the (1) early phase (E phase: mean 3.3 ± 2.

Recent progress in mechanical artificial pancreas.

Strict blood glucose (BG) control is proved to improve the outcome in patients with glucose intolerance both in acute and chronic phases, irrespective of whether the patient has diabetes mellitus. However, strict BG control by conventional methods is so complicated that it cannot be performed easily in normal clinical situations. Furthermore, it is sometimes inadequate.

[Home visits for social withdrawal cases in community mental health and child welfare services].

Home visits are one of the intervention and assistance methods anticipated to be useful in cases of social withdrawal. This study aims at investigating the current status of home visits that are carried out in the regional mental health and child welfare sectors, targeting socially withdrawn adolescents, and at examining the efficacy of this method. We conducted a survey using questionnaires targeting 59 institutions, such as public health centers, health and welfare offices, and child guidance centers, and found that home visits were carried out by public health nurses and child welfare personnel in about 20% of the adolescent social withdrawal cases.

[The relationship among self-focused attention, depression, and anxiety].

Self-focused attention is considered to be a cognitive characteristic of depression. However, some articles report that self-focused attention is also related to anxiety. This study examines the differential relationships of self-focused attention to depression and anxiety.