Pharmacokinetic analysis of crushed venetoclax tablets combined with azacitizine for recurrent pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Background: The efficacy of a combination therapy consisting of venetoclax (VEN) and azacytidine (AZA) for newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been confirmed in elderly patients. However, the clinical data on VEN for pediatric AML are limited. A combination therapy consisting of crushed VEN tablets and AZA (VEN/AZA) was administered to two children with recurrent AML.

X-linked Thrombocytopenia with Normal Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Expression in Lymphocytes and a Novel Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Gene Variant: A Case Report and Brief Review of the Literature.

We present a case of X-linked thrombocytopenia (XLT) with a novel WAS gene variant expressing a normal amount of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) in lymphocytes. XLT usually decreases WASp expression not only in platelets, but also in lymphocytes. However, there were cases, such as the present one, in which WASp was expressed normally in lymphocytes and absent only in platelets.

Magnesium supplementation therapy to prevent cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in pediatric cancer: a randomized phase-2 trial.

Background: The present study aimed to examine the effect of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) in pediatric cancer patients.

Methods: The present phase-2, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled trial enrolled patients aged less than 20 years who were scheduled to receive cisplatin-containing chemotherapy and randomly allocated them at a ratio of 1:1 to a Mg supplementation arm with even-numbered chemotherapy courses (arm AB) or another arm with odd-numbered courses (arm BA). Analysis objects were reconstructed into two groups depending on whether the chemotherapy course had Mg supplementation (group B) or not (group A).

False-Positive Asymmetrical Tongue Muscle 18F-FDG Uptake in Hypoglossal Nerve Paralysis Following Lymph Node Dissection in a Pediatric Patient with Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor of the Neck.

Background: Although positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) plays an important role in detecting various types of childhood malignancy, it has low positive predictive value, owing to the nonspecific uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) by normal tissue in various benign conditions.

Case Summary: A 5-year-old male patient with a malignant rhabdoid tumor originating in the left neck underwent primary tumor resection concurrently with ipsilateral lymph node dissection after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine, and doxorubicin. He later received the same adjuvant chemotherapy as well as proton therapy for the primary tumor.

A Fatal Case of Neuroblastoma Complicated by Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy with Rapidly Evolving Transplantation-Associated Thrombotic Microangiopathy.

Background: Transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) is a severe complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is sometimes fatal.

Observations: A 4-year-old, male patient with stage M neuroblastoma (NBL) who had received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from his sibling five months previously presented with rapidly progressive posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES) complicated with TA-TMA. Although the patient was transferred to the pediatric intensive care unit, he died within one week after the onset of the latest symptoms.

Role of Peer Support in Posttraumatic Growth Among Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors.

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) who undergo cancer treatment sometimes report posttraumatic growth (PTG). Although the importance of peer support has been suggested, its association with PTG, especially its five distinct domains, needs to be investigated further in AYA cancer survivors. The present study examined the role of demographics and peer support in PTG among AYA cancer patients and survivors.

Preferred Communication with Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Receiving Bad News About Cancer.

Several studies have investigated good communication practices with adult patients receiving bad news about cancer. However, while communication preferences may differ between adults and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients, these preferences have not been determined for AYA patients. The primary endpoint of this study was to describe the communication preferred by AYA patients with cancer.

Predictive factors of acute respiratory events during initial induction chemotherapy in patients with advanced neuroblastoma.

Background: Acute respiratory events (ARE) occasionally occur during induction chemotherapy as a complication in patients with advanced neuroblastoma.

Aims: The present study aimed to identify the predictive factors of ARE, defined as severe hypoxia, during initial induction chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed advanced neuroblastoma.

Methods And Results: The medical records of 75 consecutive patients in whom stage III or IV neuroblastoma was newly diagnosed between January 2003 and December 2018 at two medical institutions were retrospectively reviewed.

Magnesium supplementation therapy to prevent cisplatin-induced acute nephrotoxicity in pediatric cancer: A protocol for a randomized phase 2 trial.

Unlabelled: Although cisplatin is one of the most effective agents against various pediatric cancers, it is sometimes difficult to manage due to its dose-limiting nephrotoxicity. Magnesium sulfate (Mg) showed a kidney-protective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (CIN) by regulating renal platinum accumulation both in vitro and in vivo, and the body of clinical data demonstrating the efficacy of this drug in adult cancer patients is increasing.In this open, multicenter, phase-2, randomized trial, patients under age 18 years who are scheduled to receive cisplatin-containing chemotherapy will be enrolled and randomly allocated either to an Mg supplementation arm in even-numbered chemotherapy courses (arm AB) or to another arm in odd-numbered courses (arm BA), with a 1:1 allocation.

Kidney-protective Effect of Magnesium Supplementation in Cisplatin-containing Chemotherapy for Pediatric Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

In total, 158 chemotherapy courses containing cisplatin for 37 pediatric cases of newly diagnosed cancer were divided into 2 groups depending on whether magnesium (Mg) supplementation was administered (Mg+: 92 courses) or not (Mg-: 66 courses). Renal impairment was defined as grade 2 or higher creatinine elevation (CE) after each chemotherapy course. The incidence of CE in the Mg+ was significantly lower than in the Mg- (9.

Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Guillain-Barre Syndrome in a 16-Month-Old Child.

A 16-month-old girl was diagnosed with Epstein-Barr virus hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and transferred to our hospital on the 58th day of the hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after treatment failure according to the Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-2004 protocol. On admission to our hospital, she had a flaccid paralysis of her lower limbs. Nerve conduction studies showed a acute motor axonal neuropathy, and a diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome was established.

FDG-PET/CT for Detection of Extramedullary Disease in 2 Pediatric Patients With AML.

Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) is a promising diagnostic procedure for the detection of extramedullary disease (EMD) in acute myeloid leukemia. We studied 2 children with acute myeloid leukemia who underwent PET to assess for EMD at diagnosis as well as in remission. We detected 5 EMD lesions in 2 cases with PET, only 2 of which were detectable on clinical examination.

Kawasaki disease refractory to standard treatments that responds to a combination of pulsed methylprednisolone and plasma exchange: Cytokine profiling and literature review.

Unlabelled: We present a case of Kawasaki Disease (KD) that was refractory to plasma exchange (PE), but which finally responded to concurrent intravenous methylprednisolone pulse (IVMP) and PE treatment. To determine direct and indirect evidence for the efficacy of this combination therapy, we analyzed data of patients with refractory KD by review of the literature using medical databases and cytokine profiling. For literature searches, we used the Pubmed™ and Ichushi™ databases.