Diabetes-induced oxidative stress is mediated by Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 in neutrophils.

Neutrophils from people with poorly controlled diabetes present a primed phenotype and secrete excessive superoxide. Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-derived arachidonic acid (AA) activates the assembly of NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion. There is a gap in the current literature regarding which PLA(2) isoform regulates NADPH oxidase activation.

Ceruloplasmin induces polymorphonuclear leukocyte priming in localized aggressive periodontitis.

Background: Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) from subjects with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP) present multiple functional abnormalities associated with a phenotypically primed PMN phenotype. Local inflammation is characterized by hypoxia, which leads to increased production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) by PMNs. Ceruloplasmin (CP) is also induced by hypoxia and inflammation.

Lactoferrin suppress the adipogenic differentiation of MC3T3-G2/PA6 cells.

Lactoferrin accelerates the differentiation of osteogenic and chondrogenic lineage cells, whereas it inhibits the myogenic and adipogenic differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells; however, the effect of lactoferrin on the differentiation of preadipocytes is unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of lactoferrin on adipogenic differentiation using a mouse preadipocyte cell line, MC3T3-G2/PA6. The cells were cultured in differentiation medium with or without lactoferrin to induce cellular differentiation.

Effects of lactoferrin on the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells.

Lactoferrin accelerates bone formation, but the precise cellular mechanism behind this is still unclear. We examined the effect of lactoferrin on the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells using a typical pluripotent mesenchymal cell line, C2C12. Cells were cultured in low-mitogen differentiation medium to induce cell differentiation, with or without the addition of lactoferrin.

Priming of neutrophil oxidative burst in diabetes requires preassembly of the NADPH oxidase.

Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus results in the priming of neutrophils leading to oxidative stress that is, in part, responsible for diabetic complications. p47phox, a NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit, is a key protein in the assembly of the NADPH oxidase leading to superoxide generation. Little is known about the priming mechanism of oxidative pathways in neutrophils of people with diabetes.