Examining associations of air pollution and green space with depressive symptoms in adults: A LongITools cross-cohort analysis.

Objectives: Evidence suggests that high levels of air pollution and less green space increase depressive symptoms in adults. However, results are mixed and cross-cohort comparisons are scarce, largely due to heterogeneity in exposure assessment. Also, the impact of these exposures on the trajectory of depressive symptoms over time has been less studied.

Exposome-Wide Association Study of Body Mass Index Using a Novel Meta-Analytical Approach for Random Forest Models.

Background: Overweight and obesity impose a considerable individual and social burden, and the urban environments might encompass factors that contribute to obesity. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of research that takes into account the simultaneous interaction of multiple environmental factors.

Objectives: Our objective was to perform an exposome-wide association study of body mass index (BMI) in a multicohort setting of 15 studies.

Social and physical neighbourhood characteristics and 10-year incidence of depression and anxiety in older adults: Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Objective: A growing literature suggests that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with mental health outcomes, but the evidence in older adults is inconsistent. We investigated the association of neighbourhood characteristics, pertaining to demographic, socio-economic, social and physical environment domains, with the subsequent 10-year incidence of depression and anxiety, in Dutch older adults.

Methods: In the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed four times between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (n = 1365) and the Anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (n = 1420).

Thyroid Function at Age Fifty After Prenatal Famine Exposure in the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort.

Background: Early-life exposures during gestation may permanently alter thyroid physiology and health in adulthood. We investigated whether exposure to the Dutch Famine (1944-1945) in late, mid, or early gestation influences thyroid function (i.e.

LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases.

The current epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases have emerged alongside dramatic modifications in lifestyle and living environments. These correspond to changes in our "modern" postwar societies globally characterized by rural-to-urban migration, modernization of agricultural practices, and transportation, climate change, and aging. Evidence suggests that these changes are related to each other, although the social and biological mechanisms as well as their interactions have yet to be uncovered.

Land use mix and physical activity in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study examining changes in land use mix in two Dutch cohorts.

Background: With urbanization and aging increasing in coming decades, societies face the challenge of keeping aging populations active. Land use mix (LUM) has been associated with cycling and walking, but whether changes in LUM relate to changes in cycling/walking is less known.

Objectives: Our objective was to study the effect of LUM on cycling/walking in two Dutch aging cohorts using data with 10 years of follow-up.

Green spaces, subjective health and depressed affect in middle-aged and older adults: a cross-country comparison of four European cohorts.

Background: Studies on associations between urban green space and mental health have yielded mixed results. This study examines associations of green space exposures with subjective health and depressed affect of middle-aged and older adults in four European cohorts.

Methods: Data came from four Western-European and Central-European ageing cohorts harmonised as part of the Mindmap project, comprising 16 189 adults with an average age of 50-71 years.

The association of cortisol levels with leukocyte distribution is disrupted in the metabolic syndrome.

Background: Leukocyte glucocorticoid sensitivity (GCS) pertains to the responsivity of leukocytes to the regulating actions of glucocorticoids, such as cortisol. Impaired endocrine regulation may link the metabolic syndrome (MetS) to the development of cardiovascular disease. We tested if the physiological association between endogenous cortisol levels and peripheral leukocyte composition becomes disrupted in individuals with MetS.

Overview of retrospective data harmonisation in the MINDMAP project: process and results.

Background: The MINDMAP project implemented a multinational data infrastructure to investigate the direct and interactive effects of urban environments and individual determinants of mental well-being and cognitive function in ageing populations. Using a rigorous process involving multiple teams of experts, longitudinal data from six cohort studies were harmonised to serve MINDMAP objectives. This article documents the retrospective data harmonisation process achieved based on the Maelstrom Research approach and provides a descriptive analysis of the harmonised data generated.

Social and physical neighbourhood characteristics and loneliness among older adults: results from the MINDMAP project.

Background: Loneliness is associated with several adverse mental and physical health outcomes in older adults. Previous studies have shown that a variety of individual-level and perceived area-level characteristics are associated with loneliness. This study examined the associations of objectively measured social and physical neighbourhood characteristics with loneliness.

Associations of neighbourhood sociodemographic characteristics with depressive and anxiety symptoms in older age: Results from a 5-wave study over 15 years.

We examined the long-term association between objective neighbourhood sociodemographic characteristics (index of socioeconomic position (SEP), average income, percent low-income earners, average house price, percent immigrants and urban density) with depressive and anxiety symptoms, covering five 3-year waves of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (n = 3,772). Multi-level regression models assessed each neighbourhood-level characteristic separately, adjusting for individual-level covariates. A higher percentage of immigrants and higher urban density, but not other neighbourhood characteristics, were significantly associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms over time in models adjusted for individual SEP.

Associations between dietary factors and obesity-related biomarkers in healthy children and adolescents - a systematic review.

Background: The obesity prevalence in children and adolescents has increased worldwide during the past 30 years. Although diet has been identified as one risk factor for developing obesity in this age group, the role of specific dietary factors is still unclear. One way to gain insight into the role of these factors might be to detect biomarkers that reflect metabolic health and to identify the associations between dietary factors and these biomarkers.

Association of household cleaning agents and disinfectants with asthma in young German adults.

Objectives: We scrutinised the association of private use of household sprays and disinfectants with asthma incidence in young adults in the transition from school to working life.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2009,2051 young adults aged 19-24 years living in two major German cities took part in the Study on Occupational Allergy Risks II. Self-reported exposure to household sprays and disinfectants was characterised according to a composite score for frequency of use as no use (score=0), low use (score between 1 and the median), medium use (score between the median and the 90th percentile) and high use (score above the 90th percentile).

Single incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: As surgeons embrace the concept of increasingly less invasive surgery, techniques using only a single small incision have begun to gain traction. Multiple case series managed by a single-incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SILC) have been published. The objective of this study is to describe the short-term outcomes of SILC in our institution.

Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum by foreign body, a rare complication.

Meckel's diverticulum is a congenital disorder that results from an incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct. Meckel's diverticulum may give rise to bleeding, intestinal obstruction and inflammation; however, its perforation by a foreign body is an extremely rare life-threatening complication. We report ona 37-year-old male presenting symptoms and signs of acute abdomen with an initial suspicion of acute appendicitis.

[Amyand hernia--a rare anatomic and clinical entity diagnosed intraoperatively].

The Amyand hernia is an uncommon variant of the inguinal hernia, rarely recognised before the surgical treatment because of the confusion with a strangled hernia. In spite of this, the clinical presentation seems to follow a well determined pathway, so it is possible to state that the uncorrect diagnosis is to be attributed to the ignorance of this variant of hernia. We present two consecutive case reports of acute appendicitis founded in an inguinal hernia sac.

[The role of iridectomy in glaucoma surgery].

Purpose: analysis of the influence of peripheral iridectomy on the efficiency and safety of trabeculectomy and phacotrabeculectomy in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Methods: interventional, prospective, randomized and comparative study with two groups: 44 eyes with trabeculectomy (group 1) and 24 eyes with phacotrabeculectomy (group 2). Each of the two groups was divided into two main subgroups (with and without iridectomy), compared with each other in terms of efficacy and safety of surgical procedure.

[Concordance of nictemeral IOP variations between fellow eyes in glaucoma and non glaucoma patients].

Purpose: To study the concordance of nictemeral IOP variations between fellow eyes in patients with treated and untreated OHT/POAG versus non-glaucoma patients. Also, we evaluate the symmetry or asymmetry level of mean, peak and IOP fluctuations between fellow eyes in glaucoma patients compared with normal controls.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

[Retinitis pigmentosa--clinical and genetic aspects with low vision].

Purpose: Clinical and genetic study of a case of retinitis pigmentosa following the vision and the quality of life in this disease.

Method: This paper presents a female periodically reevaluated in our clinic from the first diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa which was established ten years ago, with many relatives with the diagnosis of retinitis pigmentosa, has also high hyperopia and optic disc drusen. A particular aspect--she is student at English Faculty and she want to become professor in a school for children with low vision.

[Daily and nightly fluctuation of intraocular pressure and blood pressure in glaucoma and non-glaucoma patients].

Purpose: To determine and compare 24-hour fluctuations of intraocular pressure (IOP) and systemic blood pressure (BP) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) versus non-glaucoma patients.

Methods: Applanation IOP and BP were measured every 2 hours by one observer for 24 hours in 102 patients. The patients were classified: group 1 - 21 patients with OHT and POAG without treatment, group 2 - 40 patients with OHT and POAG with a satisfactory diurnal therapeutic control of IOP (daytime IOP ? 21 mmHg), group 3 - 13 patients with POAG with unsatisfactory control of IOP under maximal tolerated medication (daytime IOP > 21 mmHg), and group 0-28 non-glaucoma patients (control group).

Synthesis, biological profile, and quantitative structure-activity relationship of a series of novel 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors.

A series of 9,9-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-8-(alkyltetrazol-5-yl)- 6,8-nonadienoic acid derivatives 1 were synthesized and found to inhibit competitively the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. The analogues having 1N-methyltetrazol-5-yl attached to the C8-position (3a, 4a, R1 = R2 = F) are the most active in suppressing cholesterol biosynthesis in both in vitro and in vivo models: the IC50 for the chiral form of 3a is 19 nM, Ki = 4.3 x 10(-9)M when Km for HMG-CoA is 28 x 10(-6) M;1 the ED50 (oral) value corresponding to the lactone derivative (4a, BMY 22089) is approximately 0.

A unique geometry of the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme consistent with structure-activity studies.

Previous structure-activity studies of captopril and related active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have led to the conclusion that the basic structural requirements for inhibition of ACE involve (a) a terminal carboxyl group; (b) an amido carbonyl group; and (c) different types of effective zinc (Zn) ligand functional groups. Such structural requirements common to a set of compounds acting at the same receptor have been used to define a pharmacophoric pattern of atoms or groups of atoms mutually oriented in space that is necessary for ACE inhibition from a stereochemical point of view. A unique pharmacophore model (within the resolution of approximately 0.

An improved version of the steric difference method.

The steric difference (SD) method was developed to account for steric effects in the QSAR framework. The improved version (SD*) here reported takes into account the volume of different atoms, using some results recently obtained. The SD* method is applied to some concrete cases, and the obtained equations are compared with the results obtained from other methods.

Minimal steric difference study of structural requirements for the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) receptor.

Quantitative structure-activity relation for amino acid substitution analogues of the LH-RH decapeptide were established by means of the receptor site mapping procedure based upon minimal steric differences. For a series of 17 analogues of LH-RH, obtained by substitutions of the C-terminal Gly-NH2 residue, a corelation coefficient r = 0.93 was obtained, for a series of 7 analogues, obtained by substitutions of the Leu7 residue, r = 0.