Publications by authors named "Motoaki Miyashita"

Objectives: In children with severe physical and mental disabilities who repeatedly develop aspiration pneumonia due to intractable aspiration, laryngotracheal separation/tracheoesophageal anastomosis or laryngotracheal separation has been performed in many institutions for the prevention of aspiration, and good results have been reported. However, families sometimes show a marked reluctance to give consent to these surgical techniques because of tracheal transection. A purpose of this study is to evaluate a new surgical procedure for laryngotracheal separation without tracheal transection.

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The development of axons and dendrites is controlled by small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, but the upstream signaling mechanisms responsible for such regulation remain unclear. We have now investigated the role of the transmembrane protein cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) in this process with hippocampal neurons. CD47-deficient neurons manifested markedly impaired development of dendrites and axons, whereas overexpression of CD47 promoted such development.

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In squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), tumor cells have been shown to secrete detectable amounts of various cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. These tumor-derived factors might be responsible for promoting malignancy. Here, we describe a SCCHN patient with tumor produced G-CSF and characterized by marked leukocytosis.

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The purpose of this study was to estimate the possibility of using thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), and p53 as predictive values of clinical outcome in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). The expressions of TS, DPD, and p53 were examined with immunohistochemistry in 27 ACC patients, and the association with clinicopathological factors was determined. Cases with high DPD expression had significantly higher distant metastasis rates compared to those with low DPD expression (p=0.

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The Onodi cell is a large pneumatized posterior ethmoid cell and closely related to optic nerve. We present an extremely rare case of retrobulbar optic neuropathy caused by mucocele in an Onodi cell. A 79-year-old man complained of headaches and simultaneous bilateral visual disturbance.

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Polarized localization of membrane proteins to axons or dendrites is important for a variety of neuronal functions, including neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis during neural development. Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP) substrate-1 (SHPS-1) and its ligand cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47), both of which are members of the Ig superfamily of proteins, are thought to constitute an intercellular communication system in the CNS, although the physiological functions of this CD47-SHPS-1 system remain unknown. To provide insight into these functions, we have now examined the localization of SHPS-1 and CD47 in cultured hippocampal neurons.

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Axon extension during development is guided by many factors, but the signaling mechanisms responsible for its regulation remain largely unknown. We have now investigated the role of the transmembrane protein CD47 in this process in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells. Forced expression of CD47 induced the formation of neurites and filopodia.

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Vestibular evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) has been used to test the vestibulocollic reflex. This study establishes a stable recording of VEMPs of animals, and presents useful parameters for vestibular ability. In an acute experiment, rats were decerebrated, and myogenic potential from neck extensor muscles was recorded.

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