Characterisation and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of non-tuberculous mycobacteria.

Background: Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) management comprises prolonged therapy that includes macrolides. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria can cause disease in patients with predisposing conditions such as HIV and structural lung disease. Local data on NTM disease and macrolide resistance are scarce, and routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing is currently not performed for NTM in South Africa.

Corrigendum: Carriage of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in children from communities in Cape Town (Tuberculosis child multidrug-resistant preventive therapy trial sub-study).

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v36i1.

Carriage of colistin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in children from communities in Cape Town (Tuberculosis child multidrug-resistant preventive therapy trial sub-study).

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant, Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin resistance has been described in the clinical settings in South Africa. However, information on carriage of these bacteria in communities is limited.

Exudative pharyngitis and : A case report and review of the literature.

is an established member of the normal flora of the respiratory tract. This organism is an emerging cause of respiratory tract infection, as well as infection of the skin and skin structures, urinary tract and other sterile sites. The syndrome of exudative pharyngitis is a diagnostic challenge of particular relevance in recent times as this organism can be confused with in the clinical setting and in the laboratory.

Characterisation of mobile colistin resistance genes (mcr-3 and mcr-5) in river and storm water in regions of the Western Cape of South Africa.

Background: Colistin is regarded as a last-resort antimicrobial against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), therefore the dissemination of colistin resistance in the environment is of great concern. Horizontal transfer of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes to potential pathogens poses a serious problem. This study aimed to describe the presence of colistin resistant GNB and mcr genes in river and storm water in regions of the Western Cape.

Characterisation of mcr-4.3 in a colistin-resistant Acinetobacter nosocomialis clinical isolate from Cape Town, South Africa.

Objectives: Colistin resistance in Acinetobacter spp. is increasing, resulting in potentially untreatable nosocomial infections. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance is of particular concern due to its low fitness cost and potential transferability to other bacterial strains and species.

Colistin Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical and spp. Isolates from the Western Cape of South Africa.

Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections. Colistin resistance thus poses a threat to human health. Colistin resistance is most commonly encoded by mutations in chromosomal , , , and genes, and the presence of plasmid-mediated genes.

Decreasing fluconazole susceptibility of clinical South African Cryptococcus neoformans isolates over a decade.

Background: Fluconazole is used in combination with amphotericin B for induction treatment of cryptococcal meningitis and as monotherapy for consolidation and maintenance treatment. More than 90% of isolates from first episodes of cryptococcal disease had a fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤4 μg/ml in a Gauteng population-based surveillance study of Cryptococcus neoformans in 2007-2008. We assessed whether fluconazole resistance had emerged in clinical cryptococcal isolates over a decade.

Clonal expansion of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Cape Town, South Africa.

Objectives: To describe colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Cape Town, South Africa.

Methods: A. baumannii isolates identified on Vitek 2 Advanced Expert System were collected from Tygerberg Hospital referral laboratory between 2016 and 2017.

Large Outbreaks of Fungal and Bacterial Bloodstream Infections in a Neonatal Unit, South Africa, 2012-2016.

Candidemia is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. We describe a large outbreak of Candida krusei bloodstream infections among infants in Gauteng Province, South Africa, during a 4-month period; a series of candidemia and bacteremia outbreaks in the neonatal unit followed. We detected cases by using enhanced laboratory surveillance and audited hospital wards by environmental sampling and epidemiologic studies.

Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in and clinical isolates from the Western Cape region of South Africa.

Background: Colistin is a last resort antibiotic for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram negative infections. Until recently, mechanisms of colistin resistance were limited to chromosomal mutations which confer a high fitness cost and cannot be transferred between organisms. However, a novel plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism, encoded by the gene, has been identified, and has since been detected worldwide.

Antigenic distribution of Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from pregnant women at Garankuwa hospital - South Africa.

Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B streptococcus; GBS) is globally recognised as one of the leading causes of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. It also causes adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth and miscarriages. Incidence of invasive disease is increasing in non-pregnant adults with underlying medical conditions (e.

Antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women in Garankuwa, South Africa.

Background: This study was undertaken to determine the susceptibility profile and the mechanism of antibiotic resistance in Group B streptococcus (GBS) isolates detected in vaginal and rectal swabs from pregnant women attending Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital, a University Teaching Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa.

Methods: The samples were collected over an 11-month period, cultured on selective media (colistin and nalidixic acid agar and Todd-Hewitt broth), and GBS positively identified by using different morphological and biochemical tests. The susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer and E test methods according to CLSI guidelines 2012.