Predictive Factors of the Effectiveness of Caudal Epidural Steroid Injections in Managing Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy.

Study Design: Retrospective clinical outcome analysis.

Objective: To evaluate and determine whether demographic, comorbid factors, or physical examination findings may predict the outcome of caudal epidural steroid injections in managing patients with chronic low back pain and radiculopathy SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:: The caudal epidural approach is commonly utilized with patients who are on anticoagulation or who have had prior lumbar surgery to treat L5 or S1 radiculopathies.

Methods: A retrospective review of 136 patients undergoing an initial caudal epidural steroid injection for radiculopathy from January 1, 2006 to August 30, 2013.

Changes in lumbar disk morphology associated with prolonged sitting assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: To determine what if any changes occur to the lumbar disks in the spine after prolonged sitting with and without intermittent breaks during a 4-hour period.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Setting: An academic outpatient clinic.