Two cases of phaeohyphomycotic infections were caused by , not previously identified in human infections, and one new species, , respectively. Morphological and cultural investigation as well as phylogenetic analysis was constructed based on maximum likelihood analyses using actin and -tubulin sequences to identify the fungal isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Phentermine is an internationally recognised amphetamine derivative with significant appetite-suppressing properties. The drug is indicated for the short-term management of obesity, as the long-term (LT) use of phentermine may potentially be associated with severe cardiovascular side-effects, abuse and dependence. The LT use hereinafter describes periods exceeding 12 consecutive weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhaeoacremonium minimum is an important esca and Petri disease pathogen that causes dieback of grapevines in South Africa. Little is known regarding the reproductive strategy of the pathogen. Sexual reproduction could lead to a better adaptation of the pathogen to disease management strategies by combining alleles through recombination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHoneybush ( spp.) is an indigenous, leguminous member of the Cape fynbos biome growing in the coastal winter rainfall districts of the Western and Eastern Cape Provinces of South Africa (Joubert et al. 2011).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFhas recently been identified as a pathogen contributing to olive trunk diseases in South Africa. Little is known regarding the biology and epidemiology of this pathogen. The aim of this study was to investigate whether olive pruning debris act as an inoculum source of in established orchards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFf. sp. (Foc) is a soil-borne fungus that causes Fusarium wilt, a destructive plant disease that has resulted in devastating economic losses to banana production worldwide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNovel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , on soil, on leaves of on leaves of on leaves of sp., on soil, (incl. gen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrunk disease fungal pathogens reduce olive production globally by causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms on olive trees. Very few fungi have been reported in association with olive dieback and decline in South Africa. Many of the fungal species reported from symptomatic olive trees in other countries have broad host ranges and are known to occur on other woody host plants in the Western Cape province, the main olive production region of South Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA recent olive trunk disease survey performed in the Western Cape Province, South Africa, identified several fungi associated with olive trunk disease symptoms, including species of Basidiomycota, Botryosphaeriaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Calosphaeriaceae, Diaporthaceae, Diatrypaceae, Phaeomoniellaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Symbiotaphrinaceae, Togniniaceae, and Valsaceae. Many of the species recovered had not yet been reported from olive trees; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine their pathogenicity toward this host. Pathogenicity tests were first conducted on detached shoots to select virulent isolates, which were then used in field trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDieback and canker of young stone fruit trees can cause suboptimal growth and even death under severe conditions. One source of inoculum of canker pathogens could be through nursery trees harboring latent infections that would not be visible to inspections done according to the deciduous fruit scheme. The objectives of this study were to identify the canker and wood rot fungal pathogens present in nursery stone fruit trees as well as in propagation material and to evaluate their pathogenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral fungal trunk pathogens are associated with olive trunk diseases in South Africa. Little is known regarding the inoculum sources of these pathogens in the olive industry, and no specific management strategies are in place. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of olive nurseries in South Africa, with regard to the presence of trunk pathogens in olive plant material, to determine whether nursery material can be considered inoculum sources contributing to long-distance dispersal of these pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Black foot disease (BFD) is one of the main fungal diseases associated with young grapevine decline. Trichoderma holds the potential to be used as biocontrol agent against this disease, though variable success of colonization were found when applied to nursery vines in previous studies. Therefore, field experiments were established to evaluate different methods of application of Trichoderma atroviride, and to evaluate the efficacy of different commercial Trichoderma products on BFD in nursery vines post callusing over two seasons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCanker and wood rot pathogens cause dieback and, in severe cases, the death of young apple trees. Recently, a higher occurrence of cankers was observed on 1-year-old apple trees in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. This study aimed to assess the phytosanitary status of nursery trees and propagation material as possible inoculum sources for canker pathogens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFspecies cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot as well as Phomopsis dieback on grapevines. Symptoms of Phomopsis dieback have increasingly been observed over the past few years. In order to assess the current status of on grapevines in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, isolations were made from dormant grafted nursery vines, dormant rootstock canes, and dying or dead spurs of field vines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStone fruit trees (Prunus spp.) are economically important fruit trees cultivated in South Africa. These trees are often grown in close proximity to vineyards and are to a large extent affected by the same trunk disease pathogens as grapevines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent studies in grape-growing areas including Australia, California, and Spain have revealed an extensive diversity of Diatrypaceae species on grapevines showing dieback symptoms and cankers. However, in South Africa, little is known regarding the diversity of these species in vineyards. The aim of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Diatrypaceae species associated with dieback symptoms of grapevine in South Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNineteen species are currently known in South Africa. These have been reported from grapevines, fruit trees, fynbos twig litter and arthropods. In other countries some of these species are also known from hosts such as European olive, quince and willow that commonly occur in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, where most South African records of have been made.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper represents the second contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information regarding the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms for the treated genera. In addition, primary and secondary DNA barcodes for the currently accepted species are included.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFusarium oxysporum formae specialis cubense (Foc) is a soil-borne fungus that causes Fusarium wilt, which is considered to be the most destructive disease of bananas. The fungus is believed to have evolved with its host in the Indo-Malayan region, and from there it was spread to other banana-growing areas with infected planting material. The diversity and distribution of Foc in Asia was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecies of are phytopathogens causing scab and spot anthracnose on many plants, including some economically important crops such as avocado, citrus, grapevines, and ornamentals such as poinsettias, field crops and woody hosts. Disease symptoms are often easily recognisable, and referred to as signature-bearing diseases, for the cork-like appearance of older infected tissues with scab-like appearance. In some -host associations the resulting symptoms are better described as spot anthracnose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPersimmon trees with dieback symptoms and cankers were observed in three production areas in Western Cape Province in South Africa. Isolations were made from diseased branches, cankers, and pruning wounds as well as fungal fruiting bodies on dead branches and old pruning wounds. Several trunk disease pathogens were identified based on morphological characteristics and by molecular methods, including Diaporthe eres, D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell suspension cultures of Vitis vinifera cv. Dauphine berries were used to study the response to the vascular pathogen, Eutypa lata, in comparison with a biological control agent, Trichoderma atroviride, that was previously shown to be effective in pruning wound protection. The expression of genes coding for enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was profiled over a 48-h period using quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF