RNA degradation triggered by decapping is largely independent of initial deadenylation.

RNA stability, important for eukaryotic gene expression, is thought to depend on deadenylation rates, with shortened poly(A) tails triggering decapping and 5' to 3' degradation. In contrast to this view, recent large-scale studies indicate that the most unstable mRNAs have, on average, long poly(A) tails. To clarify the role of deadenylation in mRNA decay, we first modeled mRNA poly(A) tail kinetics and mRNA stability in yeast.

The Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Salt Stress on the Morphological and Some Biochemical Characteristics of L. Plants.

Salinity reduces crop yields and quality, causing global economic losses. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) improve plant physiological and metabolic processes and abiotic stress resistance. This study examined the effects of foliar ZnO-NPs at 75 and 150 mg/L on tomato Kecskeméti 549 plants to alleviate salt stress caused by 150 mM NaCl.

Glucose stress causes mRNA retention in nuclear Nab2 condensates.

Nuclear mRNA export via nuclear pore complexes is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. Although factors involved in mRNA transport have been characterized, a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of this process and its regulation is lacking. Here, we use single-RNA imaging in yeast to show that cells use mRNA retention to control mRNA export during stress.

Near-Zero Hysteresis Ionic Conductive Elastomers with Long-Term Stability for Sensing Applications.

Soft conductive elastomers with low hysteresis over a wide range of stretchability are desirable in various applications. Such applications include soft sensors with a long measurement range, motion recognition, and electronic skin, just to name a few. Even though the measurement capability of the sensors based on soft materials has been greatly improved compared to the traditional ones in recent years, hysteresis in the loading and unloading states has limited the applications of these sensors, thereby negatively affecting their accuracy and reliability.

N-terminal acetylation of proteins by NatA and NatB serves distinct physiological roles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

N-terminal (Nt) acetylation is a highly prevalent co-translational protein modification in eukaryotes, catalyzed by at least five Nt acetyltransferases (Nats) with differing specificities. Nt acetylation has been implicated in protein quality control, but its broad biological significance remains elusive. We investigate the roles of the two major Nats of S.

Cotranslational assembly of protein complexes in eukaryotes revealed by ribosome profiling.

The folding of newly synthesized proteins to the native state is a major challenge within the crowded cellular environment, as non-productive interactions can lead to misfolding, aggregation and degradation. Cells cope with this challenge by coupling synthesis with polypeptide folding and by using molecular chaperones to safeguard folding cotranslationally. However, although most of the cellular proteome forms oligomeric assemblies, little is known about the final step of folding: the assembly of polypeptides into complexes.