Initial levetiracetam versus valproate monotherapy in antiseizure medicine (ASM)-naïve pediatric patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures.

Introduction: Levetiracetam (LEV) is a second-generation antiseizure medicine (ASM) with broad-spectrum efficacy and tolerability. Few studies have compared the efficacy of valproate (VPA) and LEV as monotherapy in the pediatric population. Herein, we compare the efficacy, tolerability and safety of LEV monotherapy with those of VPA monotherapy in ASM-naïve pediatric patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy with tonic-clonic (GTC) seizures.

The combination of urinary IL - 6 and renal biometry as useful diagnostic tools to differentiate acute pyelonephritis from lower urinary tract infection.

Objective: To evaluate the role of renal ultrasound (RUS) and urinary IL-6 in the differentiation between acute pyelonephritis (APN) and lower urinary tract infection (LUTI).

Patients And Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the Pediatric and urology outpatient and inpatient departments of Cairo University Children's Hospital as well as October 6 University Hospital and it included 155 children between one month and fourteen years old with positive culture UTI. Patients were categorized into APN and LUTI based on their clinical features and laboratory parameters.

Cryptorchidism in Egyptian neonates.

Unlabelled: Cryptorchidism is one of the most common genital malformations in newborn males, but its etiology remains largely unknown. The observation of geographical variability in the prevalence of cryptorchidism suggests a role for environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of this condition among Egyptian neonates.

Assessment of risk factors of pediatric urolithiasis in Egypt.

Objective: Pediatric urolithiasis is a significant medical problem, which has seen an increasing incidence in developing countries. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and the most important risk factors that contribute to stone formation in Egyptian children.

Patients And Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the outpatient clinics of Cairo university children's hospital as well as October 6 University hospitals, between November 2008 and March 2012.