A Review of Theoretical Studies on Carbon Monoxide Hydrogenation via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Transition Metals.

The increasing demand for clean fuels and sustainable products has attracted much interest in the development of active and selective catalysts for CO conversion to desirable products. This review maps the theoretical progress of the different facets of most commercial catalysts, including Co, Fe, Ni, Rh, and Ru. All relevant elementary steps involving CO dissociation and hydrogenation and their dependence on surface structure, surface coverage, temperature, and pressure are considered.

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation over the carbon-terminated niobium carbide (111) surface: a density functional theory study.

Carbon dioxide (CO) hydrogenation is an energetic process which could be made more efficient through the use of effective catalysts, for example transition metal carbides. Here, we have employed calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) to evaluate the reaction processes of CO hydrogenation to methane (CH), carbon monoxide (CO), methanol (CHOH), formaldehyde (CHO), and formic acid (HCOOH) over the carbon-terminated niobium carbide (111) surface. First, we have studied the adsorption geometries and energies of 25 different surface-adsorbed species, followed by calculations of all of the elementary steps in the CO hydrogenation process.

The effect of impregnated autogenous epidural adipose tissue with bupivacaine, methylprednisolone acetate or normal saline on postoperative radicular and low back pain in lumbar disc surgery under spinal anesthesia; A randomized clinical trial study.

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) and radicular leg pain (RLP) after lumbar disc surgery are great challenges that prevent patients and neurosurgeons in making a surgical decision. By spinal anesthesia, LBP and RLP diminish up to 2 to 3 hours postoperatively. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of impregnated epidural adipose tissue (EAT) with bupivacaine or methylprednisolone acetate on reduction of late postoperative pain after spinal anesthesia.