Rhein methotrexate-decorated solid lipid nanoparticles altering adjuvant arthritis progression through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.

Methotrexate (MTX) and diacerein (DIA) are two of the most potent disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DIA has reflected some GIT and hepatobiliary manifestations in numerous cases. It undergoes biotransformation in the liver into the active metabolite rhein (RH) which is characterized by its excellent anti-inflammatory activity and lower side effects.

Reactive astrocytes targeting with oral vitamin A: Efficient neuronal regeneration for Parkinson's disease treatment and reversal of associated liver fibrosis.

Introduction: A recent approach to cure neurodegenerative diseases is to reprogram fibroblasts into functioning neurons using multiple exogenous transcription factors (TFs) and micro-RNAs. Administering agents that can endogenously induce these TFs may bypass the limitations of this approach. Astrocytes may represent a part of the extrahepatic-stellate system involved in vitamin-A (V ) homeostasis.