Cerium oxide nanoparticles attenuate the renal injury induced by cadmium chloride via improvement of the NBN and Nrf2 gene expressions in rats.

Background: Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that adversely affects both human and animal health. Chronic cadmium exposure causes serious kidney damage. The current study investigated the protective role of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeONPs) against cadmium chloride (CdCl)-induced renal injury.