The relationship between valproate induced tremors and circulating neurotransmitters: a preliminary study.

Patients with epilepsy and on valproate (VPA) therapy may develop tremors as a common adverse effect; however, its exact mechanisms are unknown. We hypothesize that VPA-induced tremors may be related to the disturbances in dopamine (DA) and catecholamines (norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E)) concentrations (which are also involved in VPA anticonvulsant effect). We aimed to determine the frequency and type of VPA-induced tremors and their risk factors and to investigate whether or not they are related to the plasma DA, NE and E concentrations.

Fatty liver in adults receiving antiepileptic medications: relationship to the metabolic risks.

This study aimed to determine the frequency of fatty liver disease (FLD) induced by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and its relationship to the metabolic profile. This study included 130 patients (valproate or VPA = 75; carbamazepine or CBZ = 40; lamotrigine or LTG = 15). Liver ultrasonography (US) was done.

Seminal fluid analysis and testicular volume in adults with epilepsy receiving valproate.

Epilepsy and its medications adversely affect reproductive and sexual functions and fertility. This study aimed to assess sperm parameters and testicular volume in men with epilepsy on valproate (VPA). Included were 55 patients with idiopathic epilepsy with a mean age of 31.