Oncoming Revolution in the Next Generation of Cohort Studies.

The world is changing rapidly, mainly due to the impact of megatrends that have an impact on the entire human life, particularly in medical sciences. Medical research methodologies such as cohort studies provide very critical information, but it is not clear what would be its destination in the future. In this short article, we have tried to offer a somewhat different perspective on the future of cohort studies by analyzing the texts and their conclusions from the author's viewpoint.

The Importance of Uncertainty in Health Scenarios: A Scoping Review on COVID-19 Scenarios.

Background: Scenarios are the most efficient methods to explore our uncertainty about the future. Even with increasing utilization, the majority of scenarios still fall short of meeting the future "uncertainties" in health. This article examines one of the most sensitive encounters of the health system with uncertainties-COVID-19 pandemic-and the type of uncertainty analysis in health scenarios to discuss the importance and determine the existing gaps while providing a better mechanism for scenario planning in the health system.

Indices and Indicators Developed to Evaluate the "Strengthening Community Actions" Mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: A Scoping Review.

Objective: To determine 1) the indexes/indicators used for evaluating the "strengthening community actions" mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and 2) to extract the characteristics and key components of the indexes/indicators using a scoping review.:In May 2020, the search was conducted across three databases: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Scopus.: All primary studies relating to development, identification, and measurement of health promotion indices/indicators associated to the "strengthening community actions" were included.

Appropriate types of futures studies scenarios in health.

Scenario is the primary method in futures studies, and thus its improper use can undermine the credibility and claims of the results. There are many scenario types, and here we aimed at understanding whether these scenarios are being used properly in the health field. In this study, a combination method was used in 3 phases, and 8 + 2 steps were considered to accommodate the needs of the health sector with capabilities of the main types of scenarios.