Examining Generalizability across Different Surveys: Comparing Nutrient-Based Food Patterns and Their Cross-Sectional Associations with Cardiometabolic Health in the United States Hispanic/Latino Adults.

Background: Ethnicity, cultural background, and geographic location differ significantly within the United States Hispanic/Latino population. These variations can greatly define diet and its relationship with cardiometabolic disease, thus influencing generalizability of results.

Objectives: We aimed to examine nutrient-based food patterns (NBFPs) of Hispanic/Latino adults and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, diabetes) across 2 United States population-based studies with differing sampling strategies.

Physical Activity, Cardiovascular Status, Mortality, and Prediabetes in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults.

Importance: Data are limited on the association of physical activity (PA) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in prediabetes, especially in racial and ethnic minority groups, including Hispanic and Latino populations.

Objective: To determine the association of PA with incident CVD and mortality by prediabetes status among Hispanic or Latino and non-Hispanic adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included data from 2 cohorts of adults with prediabetes or normoglycemia who were free of CVD at baseline visit: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) from baseline examination through 2017, with median (IQR) follow-up of 7.

Sleep-wake behaviors associated with cognitive performance in middle-aged participants of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Objectives: Many sleep-wake behaviors have been associated with cognition. We examined a panel of sleep-wake/activity characteristics to determine which are most robustly related to having low cognitive performance in midlife. Secondarily, we evaluate the predictive utility of sleep-wake measures to screen for low cognitive performance.

Diets high in subsidized foods and chronic kidney disease in Hispanic communities in the United States: the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Prior research shows that diets high in government subsidized foods may be associated with cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between diets high in subsidized foods and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other cardiometabolic risk factors in United States (US) Hispanics/Latinos. Using data from 16,172 Hispanics/Latino's living in the United States, we used the Cochran-Armitage test to assess the relationship between subsidized foods in the diets of participants and baseline characteristics.

Associations between sodium, potassium, and blood pressure: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a prospective cohort study.

Background: Although the subject of numerous studies, the associations between dietary sodium, potassium, and the ratio of dietary sodium to potassium with blood pressure are not clear-cut. In addition, there is a paucity of research on these relationships in prospective cohort studies with representation from diverse Hispanic/Latino adults.

Objectives: To evaluate the associations between dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and the ratio of dietary sodium to potassium and blood pressure in a diverse sample of Hispanics living in the United States.

Biomarker-assessed total energy intake and its cohort study association with all-cause mortality in postmenopausal females.

Background: The association of total energy intake (EI) with all-cause mortality is uncertain as are the dependencies of this association on age and weight change history.

Objectives: To identify an EI biomarker suitable for use in epidemiologic association studies and to study EI associations with total mortality in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of postmenopausal United States females (1993-present).

Methods: EI biomarkers were developed based on doubly labeled water (DLW) total energy expenditure (TEE) and weight variation during the 2-wk DLW protocol period using the energy balance method in an embedded feeding study (n = 153).

Characterizing longitudinal change in accelerometry-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and the Framingham Heart Study.

Background: Physical activity promotes health and is particularly important during middle and older age for decreasing morbidity and mortality. We assessed the correlates of changes over time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in Hispanic/Latino adults from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL: mean [SD] age 49.2 y [11.

The Association Between Ankle-Brachial Index and Daily Patterns of Physical Activity: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with lower physical activity but less is known about its association with daily patterns of activity. We examined the cross-sectional association between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and objectively measured patterns of physical activity among Hispanic/Latino adults.

Methods: We analyzed data from 7 688 participants (aged 45-74 years) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Day-of-the-Week and Time-of-the-Day Patterns of Sedentary Behavior in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Purpose: Existing sedentary behavior interventions have largely achieved mixed results. Conventionally, interventions have attempted to reduce sedentary behavior using a full-day approach. An alternative strategy may be to target specific periods during the day and/or week.

Metabolomics-Based Biomarker for Dietary Fat and Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, controlled Dietary Modification (DM) trial of a low-fat dietary pattern suggested intervention benefits related to breast cancer, coronary heart disease (CHD), and diabetes. Here, we use WHI observational data for further insight into the chronic disease implications of adopting this type of low-fat dietary pattern.

Objectives: We aimed to use our earlier work on metabolomics-based biomarkers of carbohydrate and protein to develop a fat intake biomarker by subtraction, to use the resulting biomarker to develop calibration equations that adjusts self-reported fat intake for measurement error, and to study associations of biomarker-calibrated fat intake with chronic disease risk in WHI cohorts.

Examining Generalizability of Nutrient-Based Food Patterns and Their Cross-Sectional Associations with Cardiometabolic Health for Hispanic/Latino Adults in the US: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL).

Background: Ethnicity, cultural background, and geographic location differ significantly amongst the US Hispanic/Latino population. These characteristic differences can greatly define measured diet and its relationship with cardiometabolic disease, thus influencing generalizability of results.

Objective: We aimed to examine dietary patterns of Hispanic/Latino adults and their association with cardiometabolic risk factors (high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, diabetes) across two representative studies with differing sampling strategies.

Metabolomics Biomarkers for Fatty Acid Intake and Biomarker-Calibrated Fatty Acid Associations with Chronic Disease Risk in Postmenopausal Women.

Background: A substantial observational literature relating specific fatty acid classes to chronic disease risk may be limited by its reliance on self-reported dietary data.

Objectives: We aimed to develop biomarkers for saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid densities, and to study their associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts.

Methods: Biomarker equations were based primarily on serum and urine metabolomics profiles from an embedded WHI human feeding study (n = 153).

Nutritional Blood Concentration Biomarkers in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos: Measurement Characteristics and Power.

Measurement error is a major issue in self-reported diet that can distort diet-disease relationships. Use of blood concentration biomarkers has the potential to mitigate the subjective bias inherent in self-reporting. As part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) baseline visit (2008-2011), self-reported information on diet was collected from all participants (n = 16,415).

Step-Based Metrics and Translations of Physical Activity Guidelines among Adults in the HCHS/SOL.

Purpose: In a cross-sectional sample of US Hispanic/Latino adults, we aimed to describe step-based metric distributions, estimate their associations with activity counts and self-report, and calibrate step-based translations of current (2018) US physical activity (PA) guidelines, that is, ≥150 min·wk -1 moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) from accelerometer counts and self-report.

Methods: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos enrolled 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults 18-74 yr from four US cities (2008-2011). Participants completed the Global PA Questionnaire and 1 wk of Actical accelerometer wear ( n = 12,528).

Total energy expenditure as assessed by doubly labeled water and all-cause mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

Background: The association of TEE with all-cause mortality is uncertain, as is the dependence of this association on age.

Objectives: To examine the association between TEE and all-cause mortality, and its age interaction, in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of postmenopausal United States women (1992-present).

Methods: A cohort of 1131 WHI participants having DLW TEE assessment of ∼10.

Identification of Dietary Supplements Associated with Blood Metabolites in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Cohort Study.

Background: Metabolomics approaches have been widely used to define the consumption of foods but have less often been used to study exposure to dietary supplements.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify dietary supplements associated with metabolite levels and to examine whether these metabolites predicted incident diabetes risk.

Methods: We studied 3972 participants from a prospective cohort study of 18-74-y-old Hispanic/Latino adults.

Mortality Associated with Healthy Eating Index Components and an Empirical-Scores Healthy Eating Index in a Cohort of Postmenopausal Women.

Background: Studies of diet and chronic disease include a recent important focus on dietary patterns. Patterns are typically defined by listing dietary variables and by totaling scores that reflect whether consumption is encouraged or discouraged for listed variables. However, precision may be improved by including total energy consumption among the dietary variables and by scoring dietary variables empirically.

Association of Artificially Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Urinary Tract Cancers in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Background: Insufficient data exist to conclude whether consumption of artificially sweetened beverages is associated with a higher risk of urinary tract cancers.

Objective: We sought to investigate whether urinary tract cancer incidence differed among women who consumed various amounts of artificially sweetened beverages.

Design Setting And Participants: This was a secondary analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a multicenter longitudinal prospective study of the health of 93 676 postmenopausal women with a mean follow-up time of 13.

Artificially sweetened beverages and urinary incontinence-a secondary analysis of the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if higher artificially sweetened beverage intake is associated with higher prevalence of urinary incontinence symptoms.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Our analytic cohort included 80,388 women.