Impact of DNA Repair Deficiency in the Evolving Treatment Landscape of Bladder Cancer.

Purpose Of Review: This review explores the current landscape of treatments which target the DNA damage response (DDR) in metastatic and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. It emphasizes recent clinical trials which integrate DDR inhibitors with standard chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Recent Findings: Noteworthy findings include the ATLANTIS trial, which demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) in DDR biomarker-selected patients using PARP inhibitors as maintenance after standard chemotherapy.

Factors predictive of recurrence, metastasis and death in node-negative penile squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective multicentre cohort study.

Background: Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) carries significant morbidity and mortality. Literature is limited regarding prognostic factors, especially prognostic factors for development of metastasis.

Objectives: To identify independent prognostic factors associated with poor outcomes, defined as local recurrence (LR), metastasis and disease-specific death (DSD) in clinically node-negative PSCC undergoing local therapy.

Performance of VI-RADS in predicting muscle-invasive bladder cancer after transurethral resection: a single center retrospective analysis.

Purpose: To assess VIRADS performance and inter-reader agreement for detecting muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).

Methods: An IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant, retrospective study from 2016 to 2020 included patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma who underwent MRI after TURBT, and cystectomy within 3 months without post-MRI treatments. Three radiologists blinded to pathology results independently reviewed MR images and assigned a VI-RADS score.

Impact of smoking status on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cancer survivors.

Introduction: The Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) often declines among cancer survivors due to many factors. Some cancer patients who smoke before the cancer diagnosis continue this harmful habit, potentially contributing to a more significant decline in their HRQoL. Therefore, this study investigates the association between smoking status and HRQoL in cancer survivors.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on ambulatory urologic oncology surgeries.

Introduction: Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) are two common surgeries for prostate and bladder cancer. We aim to assess the trends in the site of care for RALP and TURBT before and after the COVID outbreak.

Materials And Methods: We identified adults who underwent RALP and TURBT within the California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Database and the State Ambulatory Surgery Database between 2018 and 2020.

Patient reported treatment burden and attitudes towards in-home intravesical therapy among patients with bladder cancer.

Purpose: To quantify patient reported treatment burden while receiving intravesical therapy for bladder cancer and to survey patient perspectives on in-home intravesical therapy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of the Bladder Cancer Advocacy Network Patient Survey Network. Survey questions were developed by investigators, then iteratively revised by clinician and patient advocates.

Anticoagulation prophylaxis patterns following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testis cancer.

Introduction: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is the standard of care for testicular cancer in various disease settings. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) complications have been reported to occur in <1% of primary RPLND cases and up to 3% of postchemotherapy (PC-RPLND) cases. While prophylactic anticoagulation (AC) has been well-documented to reduce DVT rates in patients undergoing surgery in general, the benefit of prophylactic AC in RPLND has not been assessed.

Evidence-Based Analysis of the Critical Steps of Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.

Radical cystectomy (RC) is an integral part of the management of patients with advanced-stage bladder cancer. This major oncologic operation is prone to complications resulting in morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the critical steps of open RC, performed an evidence-based review of these steps, and discussed our experience and approach.

Bladder cancer patient and provider perspectives on smoking cessation.

Background: Smoking is the most common risk factor for bladder cancer and is associated with adverse clinical and cancer-related outcomes. Increasing understanding of the patient and provider perspectives on smoking cessation may provide insight into improving smoking cessation rates among bladder cancer survivors. We sought to inform strategies for providers promoting cessation efforts and help patients quit smoking.

Total Margin Control Is Superior to Traditional Margin Assessment for Treatment of Low-Stage Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Penile cancer is rare, with significant morbidity and limited literature assessing utility of peripheral and deep en face margin assessment (PDEMA) vs traditional margin assessment (vertical sections) on treatment outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This was a 32-year retrospective multicenter cohort study at 3 academic tertiary care centers. The cohort consisted of 189 patients with histologic diagnosis of in situ or T1a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the penis at Brigham and Women's, Massachusetts General Hospital (1988-2020), and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (1995-2020) treated with PDEMA surgical excision, excision/circumcision, or penectomy/glansectomy.

Sequential intravesical gemcitabine/docetaxel provides a durable remission in recurrent high-risk NMIBC following BCG therapy.

Purpose: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the standard of care for high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but half of patients develop disease recurrence. Intravesical regimens for BCG unresponsive NMIBC are limited. We report the safety, efficacy, and differential response of sequential gemcitabine/docetaxel (gem/doce) depending on BCG failure classification.

Urologists' Perceptions and Practices Related to Patient Smoking and Cessation: A National Assessment From the 2021 American Urological Association Census.

Objective: To assess urologists' perceptions and practices related to smoking and smoking cessation.

Materials And Methods: Six survey questions were designed to assess beliefs, practices, and determinants related to tobacco use assessment and treatment (TUAT) in outpatient urology clinics. These questions were included in an annual census survey (2021) offered to all practicing urologists.

Assessment of the Ecological Association between Tobacco Smoking Exposure and Bladder Cancer Incidence over the Past Half-Century in the United States.

Background: Since tobacco smoking represents the most established risk factor for bladder cancer, we sought to assess the ecological association between tobacco smoking prevalence and bladder cancer incidence and to contrast it with lung cancer.

Methods: The annual overall tobacco smoking prevalence rates were extracted from the Report of the Surgeon General and the Center for Disease Control between 1953 and 1983. The overall age-adjusted incidence rates for bladder and lung cancers were derived from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 1983 and 2013 (30-year latency period).

The Natural History of Renal-Cell Carcinoma with Sarcomatoid Differentiation, a Stage-by-Stage Analysis.

Background: Sarcomatoid differentiation in patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) imply aggressive behavior and often metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. We aim to examine the overall survival (OS) in patients with sRCC using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Materials And Methods: We identified patients diagnosed with sRCC between 2010-2015.

Comparison of Long-term Outcomes for Young and Healthy Patients with cT1a and cT3a Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Partial Nephrectomy.

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is recommended for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of <4 cm. We hypothesized that there is no difference in all-cause mortality (ACM) between cT1a, cT1b, and cT3a <4 cm RCC following PN. The National Cancer Database was interrogated to identify patients aged <60 yr with a Charlson comorbidity index ≤1 diagnosed between 2004 and 2017.

Incidence of Germline Variants in Familial Bladder Cancer and Among Patients With Cancer Predisposition Syndromes.

Background: The familial aggregation of bladder cancers has been observed, but the incidence and association of familial bladder cancer with germline pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants is unknown.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of patients with bladder cancer treated at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute to identify those with a first-degree relative with bladder cancer. A second cohort of patients referred to DFCI for suspicion of a cancer predisposition syndrome was analyzed for candidate P/LP germline variants.

Impact of exercise on physical health status in bladder cancer patients.

Introduction: There is a scarcity of data on the impact of behavioral habits, such as exercise, on physical health in patients with bladder cancer. We investigated the association of exercise on self-reported physical health status and examined the prevalence of bladder cancer patients with sedentary lifestyle.

Methods: We examined cross-sectional data of participants diagnosed with bladder cancer within the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 2016-2020.

Preoperative anemia is associated with increased radical cystectomy complications.

Purpose: The impact of anemia in postoperative complications following radical cystectomy (RC) is not completely elucidated and its association with direct hospital costs has not been characterized in depth. Our goal is to determine the association between anemia, 90-day surgical complications and the expenditure attributed to preoperative anemia in patients undergoing RC.

Materials And Methods: We captured all patients who underwent RC between 2003 and 2017 using the Premier Hospital Database (Premier Inc, Charlotte, NC).

Association between Operative Time and Short-Term Radical Cystectomy Complications.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between duration of surgical intervention and postoperative complications in radical cystectomy (RC). We hypothesized that the complication rate increases with longer operative time.

Methods: We analyzed the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database 2011-2017 to identify all patients who underwent RC.

Therapy for Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma: Controversies and Dilemmas.

Journal of Clinical Oncology,