Exploring the subjective experience of researchers and co-researchers with lived experience of psychosis high risk states: a qualitative analysis within a participatory research process.

Background: The involvement and engagement of people with lived experience is considered increasingly important in health research. A growing corpus of literature on the involvement of people with lived experience of mental health conditions, including people at psychosis high risk states, can be found. This study aims to explore the subjective experience of researchers and co-researchers with lived experience of psychosis high risk states who were involved in a participatory research project.

Development and temporal validation of a clinical prediction model of transition to psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk in the UHR 1000+ cohort.

The concept of ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) has been at the forefront of psychiatric research for several decades, with the ultimate goal of preventing the onset of psychotic disorder in high-risk individuals. Orygen (Melbourne, Australia) has led a range of observational and intervention studies in this clinical population. These datasets have now been integrated into the UHR 1000+ cohort, consisting of a sample of 1,245 UHR individuals with a follow-up period ranging from 1 to 16.

Clinical case report: considerable improvement of severe and difficult-to-treat obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid depression under treatment with esketamine and concomitant psychotherapy.

A 28-year-old man was admitted to our psychiatric ward with severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and comorbid depression. At intake, obsessive-compulsive symptoms were present most time of the day and were related to an intense fear of causing interpersonal misunderstandings. Various treatment attempts, including cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) with exposure and response prevention (ERP), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, clomipramine, and add-on antipsychotics were either ineffective and/or were not tolerated, and the patient's condition worsened progressively.

Personality functioning and self-disorders in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis, with first-episode psychosis and with borderline personality disorder.

Background: Assessment of personality functioning in different stages of psychotic disorders could provide valuable information on psychopathology, course of illness and treatment planning, but empirical data are sparse.

Aims: To investigate personality functioning and sense of self in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and with first-episode psychosis (FEP) in comparison with a clinical control group of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and healthy controls.

Method: In a cross-sectional design, we investigated personality functioning (Structured Interview of Personality Organization, STIPO; Level of Personality Functioning Scale, LPFS) and disturbances of the basic self (Examination of Anomalous Self-Experience, EASE) in 107 participants, comprising 24 individuals at UHR, 29 individuals with FEP, 27 individuals with BPD and 27 healthy controls.

Psychotic-like experiences in non-clinical subgroups with and without specific beliefs.

Background: Assuming a transdiagnostic and extended psychosis phenotype, psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and psychotic symptoms are on a phenomenological and temporal continuum between clinical and non-clinical populations. Recent research points towards differences in PLE proneness in different subgroups and clinical impact of different PLE subtypes. This study examines the prevalence of PLEs in three groups of individuals with and without specific sets of beliefs aiming to elucidate the question whether proneness to PLEs varies according to traditional versus less traditional supernatural beliefs.

Evidence that complement and coagulation proteins are mediating the clinical response to omega-3 fatty acids: A mass spectrometry-based investigation in subjects at clinical high-risk for psychosis.

Preliminary evidence indicates beneficial effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in early psychosis. The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of omega-3 PUFA-associated therapeutic effects in clinical high-risk (CHR) participants. Plasma samples of 126 CHR psychosis participants at baseline and 6-months follow-up were included.

Psychiatric symptoms and comorbidities in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy in presurgical assessment-A prospective explorative single center study.

Introduction: People with epilepsy (PWE) have a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Some individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy might benefit from surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to perform an assessment of psychiatric comorbidities with a follow-up period of 12 months in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, comparing those who underwent surgery to those who did not.

Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on cognitive functioning in youth at ultra-high risk for psychosis: secondary analysis of the NEURAPRO randomised controlled trial.

Background: Cognitive impairments are well-established features of psychotic disorders and are present when individuals are at ultra-high risk for psychosis. However, few interventions target cognitive functioning in this population.

Aims: To investigate whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (-3 PUFA) supplementation improves cognitive functioning among individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis.

Twelve-Month Cognitive Trajectories in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis: A Latent Class Analysis.

Understanding longitudinal cognitive performance in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) is important for informing theoretical models and treatment. A vital step in this endeavor is to determine whether there are UHR subgroups that have similar patterns of cognitive change over time. The aims were to: i) identify latent class trajectories of cognitive performance over 12-months in UHR individuals, ii) identify baseline demographic and clinical predictors of the resulting classes, and iii) determine whether trajectory classes were associated with transition to psychosis or functional outcomes.

The association of plasma inflammatory markers with omega-3 fatty acids and their mediating role in psychotic symptoms and functioning: An analysis of the NEURAPRO clinical trial.

There is increasing evidence that dysregulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) mediated membrane function plays a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Even though preclinical findings have supported the anti-inflammatory properties of omega-3 FAs on brain health, their biological roles as anti-inflammatory agents and their therapeutic role on clinical symptoms of psychosis risk are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the relationship of erythrocyte omega-3 FAs with plasma immune markers in a clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample.

Characterization and prediction of clinical pathways of vulnerability to psychosis through graph signal processing.

Causal interactions between specific psychiatric symptoms could contribute to the heterogenous clinical trajectories observed in early psychopathology. Current diagnostic approaches merge clinical manifestations that co-occur across subjects and could significantly hinder our understanding of clinical pathways connecting individual symptoms. Network analysis techniques have emerged as alternative approaches that could help shed light on the complex dynamics of early psychopathology.

Neuropathological Variability within a Spectrum of NMDAR-Encephalitis.

Objective: To describe the neuropathological features of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-encephalitis in an archival autopsy cohort.

Methods: We examined four autopsies from patients with NMDAR-encephalitis; two patients were untreated, three had comorbidities: small cell lung cancer, brain post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), and overlapping demyelination.

Results: The two untreated patients had inflammatory infiltrates predominantly composed of perivascular and parenchymal CD3 /CD8 T cells and CD79a B cells/plasma cells in basal ganglia, amygdala, and hippocampus with surrounding white matter.

Psychotic-Like Experiences: A Challenge in Definition and Assessment.

Assuming a continuum between psychotic experiences and psychotic symptoms aligned between healthy individuals and patients with non-psychotic and psychotic disorders, recent research has focused on subclinical psychotic experiences. The wide variety of definitions, assessment tools, and concepts of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) might contribute to the mixed findings concerning prevalence and persistence rates and clinical impact. In this narrative review, we address the panoply of terminology, definitions, and assessment tools of PLEs and associated concerns with this multitude.

The association between migrant status and transition in an ultra-high risk for psychosis population.

Purpose: Migrant status is one of the most replicated and robust risk factors for developing a psychotic disorder. This study aimed to determine whether migrant status in people identified as Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis (UHR) was associated with risk of transitioning to a full-threshold psychotic disorder.

Methods: Hazard ratios for the risk of transition were calculated from five large UHR cohorts (n = 2166) and were used to conduct a meta-analysis using the generic inverse-variance method using a random-effects model.

Omega-3 fatty acids and neurocognitive ability in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis.

Background: Neurocognitive impairments are core early features of psychosis and are observed in those at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. The aim of the present study was to explore whether neurocognition is associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), as has been observed in other clinical populations.

Method: Erythrocyte levels of total omega-3-and omega-6 PUFAs the omega-3/omega-6 ratio, were measured in 265 UHR individuals.

Corrigendum: Relationship Between Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Psychopathology in the NEURAPRO Clinical Trial.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.

Metacognitive beliefs in individuals at risk for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences.

Background: Sex differences were found in several domains in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis, but no previous work has systematically reviewed and analysed possible sex differences in metacognition in this population. However, alterations in metacognitive beliefs have been shown in the at-risk mental state for psychosis population. Our aim was to qualitatively review and quantitatively analyse the existing literature for data on sex differences in metacognitive beliefs-mainly depicted by the Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ) and its short form (MCQ-30)-in individuals with at-risk mental states.

Cognitive functioning in ultra-high risk for psychosis individuals with and without depression: Secondary analysis of findings from the NEURAPRO randomized clinical trial.

Neurocognitive impairments are well established in both ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite this understanding, investigation of neurocognitive deficits in UHR individuals with MDD and its association with MDD within this population, has been scarce. Hence, this study aimed to examine any differences in neurocognition at baseline between those with MDD at baseline and those with no history of MDD, as well as determine whether neurocognitive variables are significantly associated with meeting criteria for MDD at follow-up, while controlling for relevant clinical variables, within a UHR cohort.

Distress Related to Attenuated Psychotic Symptoms: Static and Dynamic Association With Transition to Psychosis, Nonremission, and Transdiagnostic Symptomatology in Clinical High-Risk Patients in an International Intervention Trial.

This study examined whether distress in relation to attenuated psychotic symptoms (DAPS) is associated with clinical outcomes in an ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis sample. We also investigated whether DAPS is associated with cognitive style (attributional style and cognitive biases) and whether amount of psychosocial treatment provided is associated with reduction in DAPS. The study was a secondary analysis of the "Neurapro" clinical trial of omega-3 fatty acids.