Investigating the Antibacterial Effect of a Novel Gallic Acid-Based Green Sanitizer Formulation.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of action of our newly developed green sanitizer formulation comprising a natural phenolic compound, gallic acid (GA), strengthened by the Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) materials hydrogen peroxide (HO) and DL-lactic acid (LA). Combining 8 mM GA with 1 mM HO resulted in an abundant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a bactericidal effect towards Gram-negative (, , and ) and Gram-positive () bacteria (4 to 8 log CFU mL reduction). However, the exposure to this dual formulation (DF) caused only a modest 0.

strain BX77: a potential biocontrol agent for use against foodborne pathogens in alfalfa sprouts.

Despite regulatory and technological measures, edible sprouts are still often involved in foodborne illness and are considered a high-risk food. The present study explored the potential of spore-forming isolates to mitigate and contamination of alfalfa sprouts. Food-derived strains were screened for antagonistic activity against serovar Typhimurium SL1344 (STm) and enteropathogenic O55:H7.

Pulcherrimin protects Bacillus subtilis against oxidative stress during biofilm development.

Pulcherrimin is an iron-binding reddish pigment produced by various bacterial and yeast species. In the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis, this pigment is synthesized intracellularly as the colorless pulcherriminic acid by using two molecules of tRNA-charged leucine as the substrate; pulcherriminic acid molecules are then secreted and bind to ferric iron extracellularly to form the red-colored pigment pulcherrimin. The biological importance of pulcherrimin is not well understood.

The role of milk fat globule size in modulating the composition of postbiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis and their effect on mammary epithelial cells.

Milk lipids are secreted into the milk collecting ducts as milk fat globule (MFG) where they are exposed to microflora of the udder. We hypothesized that MFG size modulates the metabolic fingerprint of B. subtilis.

Upregulation of Operon Governs Biofilm Formation by a Coagulase-Negative .

is a Gram-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), which appears as commensal in the skin, as well as a prevalent mastitis pathogen of goats. Occasionally, it is also associated with infections in humans. Biofilm formation has been identified as a putative virulence factor in .

The milk fat globule size governs a physiological switch for biofilm formation by .

Milk lipids are organized in the form of milk fat globules (MFG), ranging in size from 0. 1 to 15 μm. The MFG size is closely associated with the composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol and the content of the MFG membrane (MFGM).

The Bacillary Postbiotics, Including 2-Undecanone, Suppress the Virulence of Pathogenic Microorganisms.

Secreted molecules from probiotic have often been considered potential pharmaceuticals to fight infections caused by bacterial or yeast pathogens. In the present study, we investigated the antagonistic potential of secreted probiotic filtrates (hereafter, postbiotics) derived from cells against pathogenic microorganisms, such as , , and . We found that the postbiotics mitigate the biofilms of the tested pathogens with no notable effect on their planktonic growth.

Spatiotemporal bio-shielding of bacteria through consolidated geometrical structuring.

The probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum is often reckoned as a 'generalist' for its ability to adapt and survive in diverse ecological niches. The genomic signatures of L. plantarum have shown its intricate evolutionary ancestry and dynamic lifestyles.

Chickpea-Derived Prebiotic Substances Trigger Biofilm Formation by .

Chickpea-based foods are known for their low allergenicity and rich nutritional package. As an essential dietary legume, chickpea is often processed into milk or hummus or as an industrial source of protein and starch. The current study explores the feasibility of using the chickpea-derived prebiotic substances as a scaffold for growing (a prospective probiotic bacterium) to develop synbiotic chickpea-based functional food.

Role of Probiotic in Developing Synbiotic Food: Challenges and Opportunities.

The human body is inhabited by a vast diversity of probiotic microorganisms that could positively affect human physiology. Besides, prebiotic food substances may induce symbiotic relationship among probiotic species through the successful establishment of commensal microbiota, whose connections with the host are multifaceted and multidirectional. As deliberated throughout this review, prebiotic and synbiotic foods contain the capability to stimulate numerous health characteristics in host organisms through various means.

Antimicrobial Effect of Zn Ions Governs the Microbial Quality of Donor Human Milk.

Donor human milk (HM) obtained at HM banks is exceptionally crucial for the feeding and treatment of preterm infants. Bacterial contaminations of HM in various stages of its handling are very common and can lead to disqualification of donations or severe infections in worse cases. Hence, HM donations are subject to strict bacteriological evaluations pre- and post-pasteurization.

Biofilm formation onto starch fibres by Bacillus subtilis governs its successful adaptation to chickpea milk.

Beneficial biofilms may confer effective adaptation to food matrices that assist bacteria in enduring hostile environmental conditions. The matrices, for instance, dietary fibres of various food products, might serve as a natural scaffold for bacterial cells to adhere and grow as biofilms. Here, we report on a unique interaction of Bacillus subtilis cells with the resistant starch fibresof chickpea milk (CPM), herein CPM fibres, along with the production of a reddish-pink pigment.

Efficiency of metabolism of sugar alcohols governs its probiotic effect against cariogenic .

is a Gram-positive probiotic bacterium that successfully colonises plant roots due to its ability to utilise various sugars. The vast probiotic potential of has been recently demonstrated in numerous host organisms under different environmental conditions. We examined the probiotic potential of against the pathogenic bacterium , which is involved in various oral disorders due to its robust biofilm-forming capability.

Mitigating Milk-Associated Bacteria through Inducing Zinc Ions Antibiofilm Activity.

Dairy products are a sector heavily impacted by food loss, often due to bacterial contaminations. A major source of contamination is associated with the formation of biofilms by bacterial species adopted to proliferate in milk production environment and onto the surfaces of milk processing equipment. Bacterial cells within the biofilm are characterized by increased resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions and antimicrobial agents.

Proteolytic Activity of upon κ-Casein Undermines Its "Caries-Safe" Effect.

Milk is believed to be a relatively "caries-safe" food. This belief relies on the fact that caseins, which constitute around 80% of milk's protein content, were found to inhibit the adhesion of to enamel and, therefore, decrease biofilm formation. While is considered a leading cause of dental disorders, is a non-pathogenic foodborne bacterium, frequently contaminating milk and its products.

Role of Bacillus species in biofilm persistence and emerging antibiofilm strategies in the dairy industry.

Biofilm-forming Bacillus species are often involved in persistent contamination and spoilage of dairy products. They therefore present a major microbiological challenge in the field of dairy food quality and safety. Due to their substantial physiological versatility, Bacillus species can survive in various parts of dairy manufacturing plants, leading to a high risk of product spoilage and potential dissemination of foodborne diseases.

The Adaptive Morphology of Biofilms: A Defense Mechanism against Bacterial Starvation.

Biofilms are commonly defined as accumulations of microbes, embedded in a self-secreted, polysaccharide-rich extra-cellular matrix. This study aimed to characterize specific morphological changes that occur in biofilms under nutrient-limiting growth conditions. Under varying levels of nutrient depletion, colony-type biofilms were found to exhibit different rates of spatial expansion and green fluorescent protein production.

Superhydrophobic Wax Coatings for Prevention of Biofilm Establishment in Dairy Food.

Microbial contamination of dairy products caused by biofilm-forming bacteria is of great concern to the dairy industry, a leading sector impacted by food loss. Previous reports have emphasized that preventing biofilm formation on work surfaces of dairy equipment would be a more desirable option than treating it. However, there is currently no available technology that could completely prevent such biofilm formation without causing detrimental side effects.

Antimicrobial Properties of Magnesium Open Opportunities to Develop Healthier Food.

Magnesium is a vital mineral that takes part in hundreds of enzymatic reactions in the human body. In the past several years, new information emerged in regard to the antibacterial effect of magnesium. Here we elaborate on the recent knowledge of its antibacterial effect with emphasis on its ability to impair bacterial adherence and formation complex community of bacterial cells called biofilm.

Probiotic Bifunctionality of -Rescuing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Desiccation and Antagonizing Pathogenic .

Live probiotic bacteria obtained with food are thought to have beneficial effects on a mammalian host, including their ability to reduce intestinal colonization by pathogens. To ensure the beneficial effects, the probiotic cells must survive processing and storage of food, its passage through the upper gastrointestinal tract (GIT), and subsequent chemical ingestion processes until they reach their target organ. However, there is considerable loss of viability of the probiotic bacteria during the drying process, in the acidic conditions of the stomach, and in the high bile concentration in the small intestine.

Eliminating the Need for Biocidal Agents in Anti-Biofouling Polymers by Applying Grafted Nanosilica Instead.

A nondestructive one-step approach was applied for grafting biocide-free monodispersed silica nanoparticles (SNPs) with a diameter of 30 ± 10 nm on polystyrene, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride surfaces. The prepared surfaces were comprehensively characterized using spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection, ultraviolet-visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and microscopic (high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy) methods. The modified polymers were found to maintain their original mechanical and physical properties, while their nanoroughness on the other hand had risen by 1.

Preventing Biofilm Formation by Dairy-Associated Bacteria Using Peptide-Coated Surfaces.

Biofilm-forming bacteria, which colonize the surfaces of equipment in the dairy industry, may adversely affect the safety and quality of the milk and its products. Despite numerous efforts to combat biofilm formation, there is still no effective technological means to thoroughly solve the biofilm problem in the dairy industry. Here, we introduced peptide-based coating in order to modify the physical properties of the stainless steel surface by affecting its availability for bacterial adhesion.

Adaptation of Bacillus species to dairy associated environment facilitates their biofilm forming ability.

Biofilm-forming Bacillus species are often involved in contamination of dairy products and therefore present a major microbiological challenge in the field of food quality and safety. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the genomes of milk- and non-milk-derived Bacillus strains, and evaluated their biofilm-formation potential in milk. Unlike non-dairy Bacillus isolates, the dairy-associated Bacillus strains were characterized by formation of robust submerged and air-liquid interface biofilm (pellicle) during growth in milk.

Robust Biofilm-Forming Isolates from the Dairy Environment Demonstrate an Enhanced Resistance to Cleaning-in-Place Procedures.

One of the main strategies for maintaining the optimal hygiene level in dairy processing facilities is regular cleaning and disinfection, which is incorporated in the cleaning-in-place (CIP) regimes. However, a frail point of the CIP procedures is their variable efficiency in eliminating biofilm bacteria. In the present study, we evaluated the susceptibility of strong biofilm-forming dairy isolates to industrial cleaning procedures using two differently designed model systems.

Cell wall associated protein TasA provides an initial binding component to extracellular polysaccharides in dual-species biofilm.

Many bacteria in biofilm surround themselves by an extracellular matrix composed mainly of extracellular polysaccharide (EP), proteins such as amyloid-like fibers (ALF) and nucleic acids. While the importance of EP in attachment and acceleration of biofilm by a number of different bacterial species is well established, the contribution of ALF to attachment in multispecies biofilm remains unknown. The study presented here aimed to investigate the role of TasA, a precursor for ALF, in cell-cell interactions in dual-species biofilms of Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus mutans.