Investigating the Impact of Electrolyte Flow Velocity on the Resistivity of Vanadium Redox Batteries: A Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Data Comparison.

The influence of electrolyte velocity over the ion-exchange membrane surface on ion and vanadium redox batteries' conductivity was formalized and quantified. The increase in electrolyte velocity dramatically improves proton conductivity, resulting in improved battery efficiency. An analysis of conductivity was carried out using a math model considering diffusion and drift ion motion together with their mass transport.

Performance investigation of state-of-the-art metaheuristic techniques for parameter extraction of solar cells/module.

One of the greatest challenges for widespread utilization of solar energy is the low conversion efficiency, motivating the needs of developing more innovative approaches to improve the design of solar energy conversion equipment. Solar cell is the fundamental component of a photovoltaic (PV) system. Solar cell's precise modelling and estimation of its parameters are of paramount importance for the simulation, design, and control of PV system to achieve optimal performances.

The Actual Exactness of a Fast RMS Correction during Abrupt Voltage Change.

The requirement of RMS (voltage and current) measurements under a fraction of the AC period has become increasingly attractive in power systems. Some of these power applications are responsible for voltage stabilization in distribution lines when the voltage correction should be made in a short time, no more than one or two periods of the AC signal. Previously developed RMS correction applications must be validated in real-world situations characterized by an abrupt change (discontinuity) in voltage magnitude occurring even during a single AC period.

Voltage RMS Estimation during a Fraction of the AC Period.

The increasingly widespread occurrences of fast-changing loads, as in, for example, the charging of electrical vehicles and the stochastic output of PV generating facilities, are causing imbalances between generated and consumed power flows. The deviations in voltage cause noteworthy technical problems. The tap-changers in today's transformers are slow-reacting and thus cannot effectively correct the imbalance.

The Effects of Cogging Torque Reduction in Axial Flux Machines.

An axial flux permanent magnet single-rotor generator has good potential in various applications that require high efficiency, prolonged service life, as well as low mass and dimensions. However, the effect of cogging torque diminishes generator efficiency and flexibility of functionality. The effect of cogging torque arises because of a small air gap between the stator teeth and the rotor.

Hybrid Internal Combustion Engine based Auxiliary Power Unit.

The brief presents some principles of the ON/OFF operational strategy applied to energy management of a hybrid internal combustion engine (ICE) based auxiliary power unit (APU). It is shown that significant reduction of fuel consumption (78% for the example system presented) and maintenance expenses (80% operation time decrease was attained by the system) may be achieved by such a strategy, shifting the system operation point towards corresponding optimal region. The side effect of aggravated amount of starting events is cured by employing an actively balanced supercapacitor (SC)-based emergency starter (SCS).

Electric and Hydraulic Properties of Carbon Felt Immersed in Different Dielectric Liquids.

Electroconductive carbon felt (CF) material, having a permeable structure and significant electroconductive surface, is widely used for electrodes in numerous electrochemical applications such as redox flow batteries, fuel cells, electrochemical desalination apparatus, etc. The internal structure of CF is composed of different lengths of carbon filaments bonded together. This structure creates a large number of stochastically oriented and stochastically linked channels that have different lengths and cross sections.