A Review of Child Sexual Abuse: Impact, Risk, and Resilience in the Context of Culture.

Child sexual abuse is a problem with both a national and worldwide prevalence. In this review, the authors note that while empirical research has clearly shown the negative impact of child sexual abuse on social, psychological, and sexual functioning later in life, it has also been reported that some individuals remain asymptomatic despite a history of experiencing child sexual abuse. This implies that negative outcomes later in life are not inevitable and illustrates the critical need to elucidate how resilience may moderate the negative impacts of child sexual abuse.

Paradoxical effects of testing: retrieval enhances both accurate recall and suggestibility in eyewitnesses.

Although retrieval practice typically enhances memory retention, it can also impair subsequent eyewitness memory accuracy (Chan, Thomas, & Bulevich, 2009). Specifically, participants who had taken an initial test about a witnessed event were more likely than nontested participants to recall subsequently encountered misinformation—an effect we called retrieval-enhanced suggestibility (RES). Here, we sought to test the generality of RES and to further elucidate its underlying mechanisms.

Signaling a switch: neural correlates of task switching guided by task cues and transition cues.

Event-related brain potentials were used to examine the neural correlates of task switching directed by task cues and transition cues. Task cues signal both a change of task set and the task to implement; in contrast, transition cues signal a change of task set but do not indicate the required task. The data from two experiments revealed that the frontal P2 and reconfiguration slow wave were elicited by task and transition cues and may reflect processes associated with the change detector and task set configuration.

An investigation of the neural correlates of attention and effector switching using ERPs.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were used to examine the neural correlates of attention and effector switching when one or both types of switches were performed on a given trial. The response time data revealed that switch costs tended to increase from attention switches to effector switches to attention+effector switches. For right-hand responses, attention switching was associated with a parietal slow wave and effector switching was associated with a central readiness potential.

On the use of wireless response systems in experimental psychology: implications for the behavioral researcher.

A method of data collection is presented that unites the efficiency of mass testing with the ease of instant electronic data collection that is typical of computer-based experiments run on individual participants. A wireless response system (WRS), originally designed as a teaching tool, is used to replicate three classic and robust effects from the memory literature (effects of false memory, levels of processing, and word frequency). It is shown that for these types of experimental designs, data can be collected more efficiently (in both time and effort) with the WRS method than through traditional mass- and individual-testing methods alone.

Picture recognition without picture identification: a method for assessing the role of perceptual information in familiarity-based picture recognition.

The present study examined the claim that unidentifiable test-pictures are processed and recognized on a perceptual, as opposed to a conceptual, level. Using an extension of the recognition without identification paradigm (e.g.

Recognition memory for novel stimuli: the structural regularity hypothesis.

Early studies of human memory suggest that adherence to a known structural regularity (e.g., orthographic regularity) benefits memory for an otherwise novel stimulus (e.

Recognition without picture identification: geons as components of the pictorial memory trace.

Participants viewed a list of black-and-white line drawings and were then presented with a picture fragment identification task in which half of the fragments corresponded to studied pictures and half corresponded to unstudied pictures. In addition to trying to identify each picture fragment, participants gave a rating to indicate the likelihood that the fragment came from a studied picture. When participants could not identify the picture fragments, they were still able to discriminate between fragments that came from studied pictures and fragments that came from unstudied pictures (as shown by their recognition ratings), but only when the fragments contained information about the geometric components (geons) that underlay the original pictures.