Resource-efficient photonic networks for next-generation AI computing.

Current trends in artificial intelligence toward larger models demand a rethinking of both hardware and algorithms. Photonics-based systems offer high-speed, energy-efficient computing units, provided algorithms are designed to exploit photonics' unique strengths. The recent implementation of cellular automata in photonics demonstrates how a few local interactions can achieve high throughput and precision.

Myth as model: Group-level interpretive frameworks.

I argue that while recruitment might explain some of the design features of historical myths, origin myths in general more importantly provide shared narrative frameworks for aligning and coordinating members of a group. Furthermore, by providing in-group members with shared frameworks for interfacing with the world, the contents of myths likely facilitate the selection of belief systems at the group-level.

Early antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are associated with upper airway clearance of SARS-CoV-2.

T cells are involved in protective immunity against numerous viral infections. Data regarding functional roles of human T cells in SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2) viral clearance in primary COVID-19 are limited. To address this knowledge gap, we assessed samples for associations between SARS2 upper respiratory tract viral RNA levels and early virus-specific adaptive immune responses for 95 unvaccinated clinical trial participants with acute primary COVID-19 aged 18-86 years old, approximately half of whom were considered at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19.

New Dosing Interval and Schedule for the Bexsero MenB-4C Vaccine: Updated Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, October 2024.

Two meningococcal serogroup B vaccines are licensed for use in the United States. In August 2024, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) changed the label for the meningococcal serogroup B MenB-4C vaccine (Bexsero) from a 2-dose schedule (intervals of 0 and ≥1 month) to a 2-dose schedule (0 and 6 months) and added a 3-dose schedule (0, 1-2, and 6 months), based on new immunogenicity data. On October 24, 2024, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) voted to update its recommendations for the MenB-4C dosing interval and schedule to align with the new FDA label.

University students' knowledge, perceptions, and sources of information on routinely recommended vaccines.

To evaluate university students' perceptions of the importance of routine vaccines, knowledge of vaccines, most trusted sources of vaccine information, and interest in learning more about vaccines. 2,223 students attending four universities across Pennsylvania. A 32-question electronic survey was administered to university students between March and May 2023.

Erratum: The statistical design and analysis of pandemic platform trials: Implications for the future - CORRIGENDUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/cts.2024.

in the Frontline of the Greatest Challenge of Biofilm Infection-Its Tolerance to Antibiotics.

biofilms are aggregates of bacteria surrounded by a self-produced matrix which binds to some antibiotics such as aminoglycosides. biofilms are tolerant to antibiotics. The treatment of biofilm infections leads to a recurrence of symptoms after finishing antibiotic treatment, although the initial clinical response to the treatment is frequently favorable.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) prostheses - biofilm formation and antibiotic effects.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a percutaneous catheter-based treatment of aortic stenosis as an alternative to open heart valve surgery. In cases of TAVI endocarditis, the treatment possibilities may be limited as surgical removal of the infected valve may be associated with a high risk in elderly, comorbid or frail patients. The propensity of bacteria to form a biofilm on foreign material is assumed to be of importance part of the disease process in TAVI endocarditis, but no studies on biofilm formation on TAVI valves have been conducted.

The statistical design and analysis of pandemic platform trials: Implications for the future.

The Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) Cross-Trial Statistics Group gathered lessons learned from statisticians responsible for the design and analysis of the 11 ACTIV therapeutic master protocols to inform contemporary trial design as well as preparation for a future pandemic. The ACTIV master protocols were designed to rapidly assess what treatments might save lives, keep people out of the hospital, and help them feel better faster. Study teams initially worked without knowledge of the natural history of disease and thus without key information for design decisions.

Brodalumab Is Effective for Psoriasis Patients with Difficult-To-Treat Body Regions: Results from an Observational Clinical Study.

Introduction: Brodalumab, a human monoclonal antibody that selectively inhibits the interleukin (IL)-17 receptor subunit A, has been approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. The treatment benefit of brodalumab has been clearly demonstrated in multiple clinical studies. However, data on effectiveness for difficult-to-treat body regions, especially in everyday clinical practice, are still limited.

Synergistic combinations of novel polymyxins and rifampicin with improved eradication of colistin-resistant biofilms.

Background: Increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance coupled with a lack of new antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria emphasize the imperative for novel therapeutic strategies. Colistin-resistant constitutes a challenge, where conventional treatment options lack efficacy, in particular for biofilm-associated infections. Previously, synergy of colistin with other antibiotics was explored as an avenue for the treatment of colistin-resistant infections, and recently we reported our efforts towards colistin analogs capable of combating planktonic colistin-resistant strains.

Mortality and Associated Risk Factors Among People Living With HIV With Kaposi Sarcoma: A5263/AMC066 and A5264/AMC067.

Background: AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma (AIDS-KS) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV in Africa. Mortality among people with AIDS-KS on antiretroviral therapy remains high compared with people on antiretroviral therapy who do not have AIDS-KS.

Setting: People living with HIV with Kaposi sarcoma (KS) who participated in 2 randomized trials (A5263/AMC066 [advanced stage] and A5264/AMC067 [mild-to-moderate stage]) conducted by AIDS Clinical Trials Group/AIDS Malignancy Consortium in low- and middle-income countries.

Role of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene for decreasing kidney function in recently diagnosed diabetes mellitus.

Aims: We examined the association of the G allele in the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs738409 in the third exon of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) gene, with chronic kidney disease in diabetes endotypes.

Methods: Participants with recent-onset diabetes (n = 707) from the prospective German Diabetes Study (GDS) underwent cluster assignment, detailed phenotyping, genotyping and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify hepatocellular lipid content (HCL).

Results: Severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) had the lowest glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) and highest HCL compared to severe insulin-deficient, moderate obesity-related, moderate age-related and severe autoimmune diabetes endotypes (all p < 0.

Vitis vinifera Lipoxygenase LoxA is an Allosteric Dimer Activated by Lipidic Surfaces.

Lipoxygenases catalyze the peroxidation of poly-unsaturated fatty acid chains either free or esterified in membrane lipids. Vitis vinifera LoxA is transcriptionally induced at ripening onset and localizes at the inner chloroplast membrane where it is responsible for galactolipid regiospecific mono- and di-peroxidation. Here we present a kinetic and structural characterization of LoxA.

Viral and symptom rebound following anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody therapy in a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

We explored viral and symptom rebound after COVID-19 amubarvimab/romlusevimab monoclonal antibody therapy vs placebo in the randomized ACTIV-2/A5401 trial. Participants underwent nasal SARS-CoV-2 PCR at study days 3, 7, 14, and 28. Viral rebound was defined as RNA ≥3 and ≥0.

C9orf72 Gene-Associated Frontotemporal Dementia Mimicking Autoimmune Pathology.

Introduction: The C9orf72 mutation can manifest in diverse clinical ways, including rapid cognitive decline, parkinsonism, or late-life neuropsychiatric symptoms, sometimes mimicking autoimmune encephalitis.

Case Report: A 64-year-old female presented to the autoimmune neurology clinic with rapidly progressive dementia (RPD) associated with episodes of headache, confusion, auditory hallucinations, and abnormal electroencephalogram. She was treated empirically at an outside hospital for possible autoimmune encephalitis with intravenous methylprednisolone, but there was no improvement, and rapid cognitive decline continued.

Nonlinear processing with linear optics.

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable breakthroughs by leveraging multiple layers of data processing to extract hidden representations, albeit at the cost of large electronic computing power. To enhance energy efficiency and speed, the optical implementation of neural networks aims to harness the advantages of optical bandwidth and the energy efficiency of optical interconnections. In the absence of low-power optical nonlinearities, the challenge in the implementation of multilayer optical networks lies in realizing multiple optical layers without resorting to electronic components.

The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health in Mothers of Autistic Children and Mothers of Children with Fragile X Syndrome.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the mental health of American mothers and mothers of children with disabilities may have been disproportionately impacted. The present study characterized psychological well-being, social support, and caregiving responsibilities during the pandemic across mothers of children with autism, fragile X syndrome (FXS), and neurotypical children.

Methods: Participants were 54 mothers of children with FXS, 46 mothers of autistic children, and a control group of 80 mothers of neurotypical children.

"My Aim Is True": An Attribution-Identity Model of Ally Sincerity.

Academic Abstract: Advantaged group allies have multiple motives for supporting equality, raising questions about their sincerity. We draw upon the covariation model of attributions to explain how disadvantaged group members make attributions about whether advantaged group "allies" are sincerely motivated to empower the disadvantaged group. We propose an Attribution-Identity Model of Sincerity (AIMS) which posits that disadvantaged group members view advantaged group members as sincere allies when they support equality in the presence of inhibitory causes and in the absence of facilitative causes, exceed expectations for the advantaged group, and provide support across time and contexts.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Resistance to Antiviral Monoclonal Antibody Therapy on Neutralizing Antibody Response.

Background: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have played a key role as an anti-viral against SARS-CoV-2, but there is a potential for resistance to develop. The interplay between host antibody responses and the development of monoclonal antibody (mAb) resistance is a critical area of investigation. In this study, we assessed host neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses against both ancestral virus and those with treatment-emergent E484K bamlanivimab resistance mutations.

From margins to mainstream: Incorporating internationally educated health professionals' skills into primary care.

This case study explores the collaborative integration of Internationally Educated Healthcare Professionals (IEHPs) into comprehensive primary care through partnerships between non-profit organizations and health systems actors. It addresses the critical need for such collaboration amidst challenges of limited access to primary care and underutilization of IEHPs' skills in the Canadian healthcare workforce. Through the examination of ACCES Employment's integration into the Team Primary Care initiative, this article demonstrates the importance of coordinated efforts in overcoming longstanding barriers faced by IEHPs.

A Simulated Tracheostomy Tube Change Educational Intervention to Promote Competency Among Novice Healthcare Professionals: A Repeated Measures Study.

Objective: To evaluate an educational intervention to promote confidence, knowledge, and skills in tracheostomy tube change among nursing students.

Methods: The study, conducted at the at the Johns Hopkins Center for Immersive Learning and Digital Innovation, enrolled nursing students without prior experience in tracheostomy tube change. The intervention included a pre-recorded presentation, faculty demonstrations with a Tracheostomy Care Training Simulation Model, and participant practice demonstrating skills.