Foot infection by Clostridium sordellii: case report and review of 15 cases in France.

We report a case of foot infection by Clostridium sordellii and review 15 human infections registered at a Reference Center in France during the period 1998 to 2011. All strains were found nontoxigenic, lacking the lethal toxin gene coding for TcsL. Like Clostridium septicum, several C.

Multilocus analysis reveals diversity in the genus Tissierella: description of Tissierella carlieri sp. nov. in the new class Tissierellia classis nov.

The genus Tissierella and its relatives Tepidimicrobium, Soehngenia and Sporanaerobacter comprise anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli classified along with Gram-positive cocci in a family with controversial placement designated as incertae sedis XI, in the phylum Firmicutes. We performed a top-down reappraisal of the taxonomy from the phylum to the species level within the genus Tissierella. Reconstruction of high-rank 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenies and their interpretation in a taxonomic purpose allowed defining Tissierellia classis nov.

MALDI-TOF MS Andromas strategy for the routine identification of bacteria, mycobacteria, yeasts, Aspergillus spp. and positive blood cultures.

All organisms usually isolated in our laboratory are now routinely identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) using the Andromas software. The aim of this study was to describe the use of this strategy in a routine clinical microbiology laboratory. The microorganisms identified included bacteria, mycobacteria, yeasts and Aspergillus spp.

Clostridium clostridioforme and Atopobium minutum clinical isolates with vanB-type resistance in France.

Acquired vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive anaerobes has been reported only in Australia and Canada from rare vanB-positive stool samples in the absence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). We report the emergence of VanB-type resistance in Clostridium clostridioforme and Atopobium minutum involved in human infections in France.

Metronidazole resistance in Prevotella spp. and description of a new nim gene in Prevotella baroniae.

Nonduplicate clinical isolates of Prevotella spp. recovered from patients hospitalized between 2003 and 2006 in two French tertiary-care teaching hospitals were investigated for their susceptibility to metronidazole and the presence of nim genes. Of the 188 strains tested, 3 isolates displayed reduced susceptibility to metronidazole after 48 h of incubation, while 27 additional isolates exhibited heterogeneous resistance after prolonged incubation; all 30 of the isolates were nim negative.

Proposal to unify Clostridium orbiscindens Winter et al. 1991 and Eubacterium plautii (Séguin 1928) Hofstad and Aasjord 1982, with description of Flavonifractor plautii gen. nov., comb. nov., and reassignment of Bacteroides capillosus to Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus gen. nov., comb. nov.

We isolated several strains from various clinical samples (five samples of blood, four of intra-abdominal pus and one of infected soft tissue) that were anaerobic, motile or non-motile and Gram-positive rods. Some of the strains formed spores. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that these organisms could be placed within clostridial cluster IV as defined by Collins et al.

Evaluation of the new Vitek 2 ANC card for identification of medically relevant anaerobic bacteria.

Of 261 anaerobic clinical isolates tested with the new Vitek 2 ANC card, 257 (98.5%) were correctly identified at the genus level. Among the 251 strains for which identification at the species level is possible with regard to the ANC database, 217 (86.

[Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of gram negative anaerobes].

Material And Method: Using an agar reference method (Norma M11-A5, National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards) the minimal inhibitory concentrations of nine antibiotics were determined for 376 anaerobic strains. The following strains were investigated: 254 Bacteroides fragilis group (including 143 B. fragilis), 122 other gram-negative anaerobes (Bacteroides spp.

Acidaminococcus intestini sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples.

Eleven strains of a hitherto unknown, Gram-negative, anaerobic coccus were recovered from various human clinical samples of patients hospitalized in two geographically distant French hospitals. These strains displayed the morphology and growth characteristics of those related to the genus Acidaminococcus. The clinical isolates shared at least 99.

Prevotella nanceiensis sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples.

Three strains of anaerobic, non-pigmented, Gram-negative bacilli isolated from various human clinical samples were characterized in terms of phenotypic and genotypic tests, including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and rpoB genes. The strains were most closely related to the type strains of Prevotella marshii and Prevotella shahii on the basis of both 16S rRNA (89.8 and 89.

Antibiotic resistance among anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli: lessons from a French multicentric survey.

Temporal changes of antibiotic susceptibilities among anaerobes in France are followed in our laboratory since 1992. For Bacteroides strains, resistance increased from 1992 to 1998 for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotetan and clindamycin. The present study evaluates the situation in 2000 for 434 Gram-negative anaerobic clinical isolates (obtained from 9 large university hospitals) by testing amoxicillin and ticarcillin alone or combined with clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, cefotetan, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole (using the NCCLS-approved method for MIC determination.

Bacteremia caused by a metronidazole-resistant Prevotella sp. strain.

Metronidazole resistance among Prevotella spp. is rare. We report here the first case of bacteremia due to a high-level metronidazole-resistant Prevotella sp.

In vitro activities of cefotaxime, vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid and other antibiotics alone and in combination against Propionibacterium acnes isolates from central nervous system infections.

Objectives: To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibilities of Propionibacterium acnes isolates from central nervous system (CNS) infections to agents used in current treatment regimens.

Methods: MICs of 16 reference antibiotics were determined by an agar dilution method for 24 consecutive strains of P. acnes isolated from individual patients with intracranial empyema or brain abscess.

A soluble form of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 modulates the inflammatory response in murine sepsis.

The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a recently discovered receptor expressed on the surface of neutrophils and a subset of monocytes. Engagement of TREM-1 has been reported to trigger the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in the presence of microbial products. Previously, we have identified a soluble form of TREM-1 (sTREM-1) and observed significant levels in serum samples from septic shock patients but not controls.

Oribacterium sinus gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family 'Lachnospiraceae' (phylum Firmicutes).

A hitherto unknown anaerobic bacillus isolated from sinus pus in a young child (strain AIP 354.02T) was characterized by using phenotypic and genotypic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this strain was phylogenetically affiliated with several sequences of cloned 16S rRNA gene inserts previously deposited in the public databases.

Osteosynthesis-associated bone infection caused by a nonproteolytic, nontoxigenic Clostridium botulinum-like strain.

A nonproteolytic, nontoxigenic Clostridium botulinum strain identified by conventional and molecular techniques as type B-, E-, or F-like (BEF-like) was isolated from a human postsurgical wound. All previous reports of such strains have been from environmental sources. Since toxin production is the main taxonomic denominator for C.

Genotypic differentiation of twelve Clostridium species by polymorphism analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene.

Housekeeping genes encoding metabolic enzymes may provide alternative markers to 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) for genotypic and phylogenetic characterization of bacterial species. We have developed a PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay, targeting the triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) gene, which allows the differentiation of twelve pathogenic Clostridium species. Degenerate primers constructed from alignments of tpi sequences of various gram-positive bacteria allowed the amplification of a 501 bp target region in the twelve Clostridium type strains.

Beta-lactamase production in Prevotella and in vitro susceptibilities to selected beta-lactam antibiotics [corrected].

This study looked for beta-lactamase production in 100 Prevotella isolates. MICs were determined for amoxycillin, ticarcillin, amoxycillin+clavulanate, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefixime, cefpodoxime and cefotaxime using the reference agar dilution method (standard M11 A4, NCCLS). Beta-lactamase activity was detected in 58 of the 100 isolates, 24 of 46 black-pigmented Provotella and 34 of 54 non-pigmented Prevotella.

Biochemical-genetic analysis and distribution of DES-1, an Ambler class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans.

Desulfovibrio spp. are gram-negative anaerobes phylogenetically related to Bacteroides spp., which are rarely isolated and which are mostly isolated from intra-abdominal abscesses.

Single or double mutational alterations of gyrA associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

We looked for the presence of gyrA mutations in seven fluoroquinolone-resistant French clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Three of the five isolates of C. jejuni and the two isolates of C.

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical Desulfovibrio isolates.

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 16 clinical isolates of Desulfovibrio spp. were determined. All or most isolates were susceptible to imipenem (MIC(90) [MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested were inhibited], 0.

Laboratory diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis: usefulness of Premier Cytoclone A+B enzyme immunoassay for combined detection of stool toxins and toxigenic C. difficile strains.

Detection of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B in stools by Premier Cytoclone A+B enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was compared with detection by stool culture for C. difficile followed by detection of toxigenic isolates using the same EIA. Chart reviews were performed to evaluate the likelihood of C.

Bactericidal properties of the chloroform fraction from rhizomes of Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel.

The deffated chloroform fraction (APRC) obtained from the rhizomes of Aristolochia paucinervis Pomel (Aristolochiaceae) has a high bacteriostatic activity against bacterial strains like Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Here, we report the bactericidal activity of APRC against both strains which was evaluated by using time-to kill assays. The results showed that APRC produced an intense time-dependent bactericidal effect against C.

In vitro synergy between cefepime and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The in vitro activity of cefepime combined with vancomycin was assessed by the chequerboard method against 35 clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible (MSSA, n = 8) or -resistant (MRSA, n = 10) Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-susceptible (MSSE, n = 9) or -resistant (MRSE, n = 8) Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus ATCC 25923 (MSSA). The combination was synergic against 16 isolates and additive/indifferent against 20.

Comparison of the in vitro activity of pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin, a new injectable streptogramin, and pristinamycin was evaluated against 200 recently isolated clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae strains expressing various degrees of susceptibility to penicillin G and erythromycin. MICs were determined by the agar dilution method. All strains were susceptible to pristinamycin irrespective of their susceptibility to penicillin G or erythromycin (MIC90: 0.