Mendelian Randomization Analysis Identifies Inverse Causal Relationship between External Eating and Metabolic Phenotypes.

Disordered eating contributes to weight gain, obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the precise mechanisms underlying the development of different eating patterns and connecting them to specific metabolic phenotypes remain unclear. We aimed to identify genetic variants linked to eating behaviour and investigate its causal relationships with metabolic traits using Mendelian randomization (MR). We tested associations between 30 genetic variants and eating patterns in individuals with T2D from the Volga-Ural region and investigated causal relationships between variants associated with eating patterns and various metabolic and anthropometric traits using data from the Volga-Ural population and large international consortia.

Long-Term Outcomes of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Unlabelled: With the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, it has become clear that patients with diabetes are at risk for more severe and fatal COVID-19. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a major risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The goal of study was to assess the characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 with or without T2D in the hospital and at 10-month follow-up (FU).

Integrating Common Risk Factors with Polygenic Scores Improves the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes.

We tested associations between 13 established genetic variants and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 1371 study participants from the Volga-Ural region of the Eurasian continent, and evaluated the predictive ability of the model containing polygenic scores for the variants associated with T2D in our dataset, alone and in combination with other risk factors such as age and sex. Using logistic regression analysis, we found associations with T2D for the rs6749704 (OR = 1.68, P = 3.

[The use of drug based on technologically processed antibodies to endocannabinoid receptor type 1 in the treatment of obesity in adults: results of a multicenter double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial].

Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Dietressa at a dose of 6 tablets per day for 24 weeks in the treatment of patients with Class 1 obesity. To compare the clinical efficacy of two treatment regimens (1 tablet 6 times per day and 2 tablets 3 times per day) for 24 weeks in the treatment of patients with Class 1 obesity.

Materials And Methods: A clinical trial included 493 patients with Class 1 obesity from 18 to 65 years.

The association between eating behavior and polymorphisms in GRIN2B, GRIK3, GRIA1 and GRIN1 genes in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Excess body weight is the main risk factor of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have shown that psychological and behavioral factors affect weight. Additionally, emerging evidence indicates that polymorphisms of neurotransmitter genes can impact eating behavior.

[Association of adiponectin gene alleles with type 2 diabetes mellitus in residents of Bashkortostan].

Unlabelled: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most acute problems of the modern world. The disease is characterized by high ratio of micro- and macrovascular complications. T2DM is a multifactorial and polygenic disease, structure of hereditary predisposition to which may be population-specific.

Multilocus associations of inflammatory genes with the risk of type 1 diabetes.

Background: Genome-wide association studies have captured a large proportion of genetic variation related to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). However, most of these studies are performed in populations of European ancestry and therefore the disease risk estimations can be inaccurate when extrapolated to other world populations.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study in 1866 individuals from the three major populations of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russians, Tatars, and Bashkirs) in Russian Federation, using single-locus and multilocus approach to identify genetic predictors of T1D.

Chemokine gene polymorphisms association with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tatar ethnic group, Russia.

Recent studies have shown that chemokines play an important role in the development of chronic inflammation in adipose tissue, obesity pathogenesis, glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. It has also been revealed that some SNPs in chemokine genes are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and diabetes complications in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the associations between SNPs in chemokine genes and type 2 diabetes in participants of Tatar ethnic group, living in Bashkortostan.

[Association of variable rs1801282 locus of PPARG2 gene with diabetic nephropathy].

The association of the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications was analyzed in inhabitants of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The genotype frequencies of the variable rs1801282 locus of the PPARG2 gene did not significantly differ in groups of healthy persons and patients with type 2 diabetes in all three considered inheritance models (codominant, dominant, and recessive). At the same time, it was demonstrated that the risk of one of the diabetic complications, i.

[The effect of drugs on free-radical oxidation].

Data available in the literature and the results of original investigations of the effect of drugs on the free-radical oxidation process are summarized. It is pointed out that the character of drug influence on the on the free-radical oxidation process must be taken into account in selecting drugs for the treatment of particular diseases.

[Changes in the reaction to drug preparations in diabetes mellitus].

The article deals with information in the literature on the peculiarities of the response to drugs and the change of their pharmacokinetics in diabetes mellitus.

[The metabolic effects of isradipine, ramipril, Ednit and beta-adrenoblockers in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension].

The effect of isradepin, ramipril, ednyt, and beta-adrenoblockers on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and free-radical oxidation in patients with insulin-independent diabetes mellitus was studied. Isradepin caused an increase in high-density lipoproteins (HDLP) in the blood serum and the content of esterified cholesterol in HDLP, and reduced the arterogenicity coefficient. Rampiril reduced the basal level of glycemia and insulin.

[The effect of antihypertensive preparations on carbohydrate metabolism in intact rats and in alloxan diabetes].

The metabolic affects of anapriline, captopril, and clophelin were studied in the blood and liver homogenates ex vivo and in vitro in experiments on intact rats and rats with alloxan diabetes. Anapriline lowered the blood lactate content in rats with diabetes and intact rats, reduced the level of glycemia in animals with marked hyperglycemia. Captopril increased the blood insulin and lactate content in rats with diabetes and the content of pyruvate in vivo.

[The oxidative metabolic systems of the liver in exposure to maninil and obzidan].

The effects of maninile and obsidan and their combined action on metabolic processes were studied in a series of in vitro experiments. The metabolic processes serve as a prerequisite to energy supply and couple the anabolic and catabolic pathways of hepatic metabolism. The rate of aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of glucose was shown to decrease when maninile was in close contact with liver tissue.

[The effect of calcium antagonists on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus].

The effect of calcium antagonists: nifedipine (corinfar, cordapheg), sensit, finoptin, foridon on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism was studied in intact and "alloxaned" rats as well as in non-insulin-dependent diabetes patients. It was found that the calcium channel blockers did not change glucose tolerance, normalized carbohydrate metabolism in some patients and decreased the level of triglycerides, B and pro-B lipoproteins. In some cases in intact and alloxane rats treated with finophin (isoptin), lactate decrease in blood and a tendency to insulin increase were often observed.

[Effectiveness of nonsteroidal antiphlogistics in experimental diabetes mellitus].

In experiments on rats with alloxan diabetes efficacy of amidopyrine, acetylsalicylic acid, methyluracil, butadione and brufen in experimental inflammation was shown. The antiinflammatory drugs under study were found to have various effects on insulin and glucose blood levels in intact rats and those with diabetes. The increase in glucose content under the influence of methyluracil is presumably connected with the elevation of somatotrophic hormone blood level.