A comprehensive seroepidemiology of dengue and chikungunya arboviruses in Iran, 2020-2023.

Aim: Dengue virus (DENV) and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are the most common arthropod-borne viruses (Arboviruses) globally. So far, no autochthonous cases of DENV and CHIKV infections have been reported in Iran. Nevertheless, due to the recent identification of Aedes aegypti in the south and Aedes albopictus in the north of Iran, the country is at a serious risk of local outbreaks of these infections.

Susceptibility Status of Several Field-Collected German Cockroaches () to a Pyrethroid Insecticide and Molecular Detection of Knockdown Resistance ().

Background: High frequency of insecticide used to control German cockroaches may lead to insecticide resistance development. We aimed to compare the level of insecticide resistance and heterogeneity in insecticide resistance of field-collected German cockroaches in eight selected zones of Mashhad City, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran.

Methods: The present study was conducted from October 2019 to May 2021.

Uncovering the knowledge gap: A web-based survey of healthcare providers' understanding and management of dengue fever in East Azerbaijan, Iran.

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is increasingly recognized as one of the world's major mosquito-borne diseases and causes significant morbidity and mortality in tropical and subtropical countries. Appropriate and timely diagnosis and risk stratification for severe disease are crucial in the appropriate management of this illness. Healthcare providers (HCPs) play a key role in dengue fever diagnosis, management and prevention.

Kdr genotyping and the first report of V410L and V1016I kdr mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel gene in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Iran.

Background: Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases worldwide. The species invaded and became established in southern Iran in 2020. Insecticide-based interventions are primarily used for its control.

Species Composition and Geographic Distribution of Culicinae Mosquitoes and Their Possible Infection with West Nile Virus in Hormozgan Province, Southern Iran.

Background: West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that causes a febrile disease and may cause a fatal neurological illness in humans. We aimed to investigate the geographic distribution of Culicinae mosquitoes and their possible infection with WNV in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran.

Methods: Field studies were carried out from June 2017 to May 2019.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers regarding dengue fever in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

Background: Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging infection worldwide with a high public health burden. Adequate training of healthcare workers is essential to warrant the timely provision of health services to improve the outcome of dengue management.

Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers regarding dengue from April 2021 to March 2022 in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

Entomological surveillance of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran from 2014 to 2020.

Mosquitoes are the most important vectors of serious infectious diseases in the world. Dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yellow fever are emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, associated with the distribution of two key vectors i.e.

Imported tires; a potential source for the entry of Aedes invasive mosquitoes to Iran.

Introduction: International trade of tires has been responsible for the introduction of invasive Aedes species into many countries. The present study aimed to determine the sources and volume of such trading in Iran and to establish and map points of entry for entomological surveillance.

Method: A list of tire importers, type and number of tires and source of their shipment was compiled, and the map of the main location(s) of their depot in the country was produced from 2017 to 2018.

Global water quality changes posing threat of increasing infectious diseases, a case study on malaria vector Anopheles stephensi coping with the water pollutants using age-stage, two-sex life table method.

Background: Water pollution due to uncontrolled release of chemical pollutants is an important global problem. Its effect on medically important insects, especially mosquitoes, is a critical issue in the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases.

Methods: In order to understand the effect of water pollutants on the demography of Anopheles stephensi, colonies were reared in clean, moderately and highly polluted water for three consecutive generations at 27 °C, 75% RH, and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L:D).

Situation of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors in the World Health Organization of Eastern Mediterranean region 1990-2020.

Malaria is the most important mosquito-borne disease, which is transmitted by Anopheles species. According to the recent report of World Health Organization, there were an estimated 229 million malaria cases in 2019 in 87 malaria endemic countries. There are several vector control method specially using pesticides.

Epidemiological evidence of mosquito-borne viruses among persons and vectors in Iran: A study from North to South.

• The overall seroprevalence of DENV, WNV and CHIKV in Iran were 5.9%, 18.8% and 1.

Evaluation of Susceptibility Status of , the Main Vector of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, to Different WHO Recommended Insecticides in an Endemic Focus, Central Iran.

Background: Among neglected zoonotic diseases, leishmaniases caused by parasite through infected female sand fly bite, are a group of diseases found in 98 countries and territories representing a critical burden of disease worldwide. Vector management plays a crucial role in reducing the burden of vector-borne diseases by WHO's global plan. The objective of the current study was to assess the susceptibility status of wild phlebotomine sand flies from Esfahan Province, central Iran, to the recommended insecticides by WHO.

Employing Different Traps for Collection of Mosquitoes and Detection of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika Vector, , in Borderline of Iran and Pakistan.

Background: Southeastern Iran has been established as an area with the potential to harbor Asian tiger mosquito populations In 2013, a few numbers of were detected in three sampling sites of this region. This field study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of various traps on monitoring mosquitoes and status of this dengue vector, in five urban and 15 suburban/rural areas.

Methods: For this purpose, four adult mosquito traps (BG-sentinel 2, bednet, Malaise, and resting box trap) were used and their efficacy compared.

Seroprevalence Study on West Nile Virus (WNV) Infection, a Hidden Viral Disease in Fars Province, Southern Iran.

Background: West Nile Virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes a variety of symptoms in human, from asymptomatic infection to neuroinvasive disease. Several studies have been conducted on the seroprevalence of WNV infection in different areas from Iran. This study was performed to find the presence of antiviral antibodies in human serum among some high risk population and awareness of health care staff about symptom of the WNV infection.

Biting and resting behaviour of malaria vectors in Bandar-Abbas County, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Blood feeding and resting behaviour of malaria vectors are the most influential factors in malaria transmission.

Aims: To measure blood feeding and resting behaviour, conventional mosquito sampling methods were performed in an area with potential for malaria transmission.

Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected monthly from indoor/outdoor places by conventional sampling methods, and larval habitats were investigated.

Zika; a continuous global threat to public health.

Zika virus is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, especially, Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.

Evolution of insecticide resistance and its mechanisms in Anopheles stephensi in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.

Background: While Iran is on the path to eliminating malaria, the disease with 4.9 million estimated cases and 9300 estimated deaths in 2018 remains a serious health problem in the World Health Organization (WHO) Eastern Mediterranean Region. Anopheles stephensi is the main malaria vector in Iran and its range extends from Iraq to western China.

Zika Virus Infection, Basic and Clinical Aspects: A Review Article.

Background: Zika virus infection has recently attracted the attention of medical community. While clinical manifestations of the infection in adult cases are not severe and disease is not associated with high mortality rates, Zika virus infection can have an impact on fetal development and lead to severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities.

Methods: To gain insight into different aspects of Zika virus infection, a comprehensive literature review was performed.

A Review on the Insecticide Resistance of Three Species of Cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Iran.

In Iran, there are four pest domestic species of cockroaches: Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, Blattodea: Blattidae), Blatta orientalis (Linnaeus, Blattodea: Blattidae), Blattella germanica (Linnaeus, Blattodea: Blattidae), and Supella longipalpa (Fabricius, Blattodea: Blattellidae). The aim of this study was to compile and review studies conducted on insecticide resistance of domestic cockroaches in Iran to assess the current knowledge and gaps. Twenty insecticides were used in susceptibility testing of cockroaches.

An assessment of agricultural pesticide use in Iran, 2012-2014.

Background: This is the first published assessment on agricultural pesticide use in Iran with the aim to identify pesticide products with a potential of causing acute or chronic hazard to human health. It also establishes a baseline for future comparisons and for trend assessments.

Methods: The amounts of imported technical materials for formulation by local manufacturers as well as imported final product formulations were extracted from the registration data of the Plant Protection Organization of Iran in 2012-2014.

Setting international standards for the management of public health pesticides.

Rajpal Singh Yadav and colleagues describe current and future challenges for the management of pesticides used in public health.

Strengthening public health pesticide management in countries endemic with malaria or other major vector-borne diseases: an evaluation of three strategies.

Background: Public health pesticides has been the mainstay control of vectors of malaria and other diseases, and public health pests, but there is increasing concern over how these pesticides are being managed. Poor pesticide management could lead to risks to human health and the environment, or diminish the effectiveness of interventions. Strategies for strengthening the management of public health pesticides, from manufacture to disposal, should be evaluated to propose future directions.

Global trends in the use of insecticides to control vector-borne diseases.

Background: Data on insecticide use for vector control are essential for guiding pesticide management systems on judicious and appropriate use, resistance management, and reduction of risks to human health and the environment.

Objective: We studied the global use and trends of insecticide use for control of vector-borne diseases for the period 2000 through 2009.

Methods: A survey was distributed to countries with vector control programs to request national data on vector control insecticide use, excluding the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LNs).

Status of legislation and regulatory control of public health pesticides in countries endemic with or at risk of major vector-borne diseases.

Background: Legislation and regulation of pesticides used in public health are essential for reducing risks to human health and the environment.

Objective: We assessed the global situation on legislation and regulatory control of public health pesticides.

Methods: A peer-reviewed and field-tested questionnaire was distributed to 142 member states of the World Health Organization (WHO); 113 states completed the questionnaire.

Status of pesticide management in the practice of vector control: a global survey in countries at risk of malaria or other major vector-borne diseases.

Background: It is critical that vector control pesticides are used for their acceptable purpose without causing adverse effects on health and the environment. This paper provides a global overview of the current status of pesticides management in the practice of vector control.

Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to WHO member states and completed either by the director of the vector-borne disease control programme or by the national manager for vector control.