Comparison of the Distribution of Household Financial Contributions to the Health System before and during COVID-19 Outbreak: Evidence from Nationwide Survey in Iran.

Background: Health and economy has substantially been influenced by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Because of these impacts, household financial contribution to health system is likely to be changed. This study aimed to compare the distribution of household financial contributions before and during the COVID-19 epidemic.

Direct Inpatient Cost and Payments of COVID-19 in Iran: Quantile Regression Analysis.

COVID-19 pandemic imposes a substantial medical and socioeconomic burden on health systems. The study aimed to estimate the direct inpatient costs of COVID-19 in Iran. This is a Cost of Illness (COI) study with the bottom-up method.

Impacts of Health Reform Plan in Iran on Health Payments Distributions and Catastrophic Expenditure.

Background: Health reform in Iran began in 2014, aimed at improving financing pattern of health services. We assessed the reform by changes in variables representing distribution of health payments and catastrophic expenditures.

Methods: Using data from households' income-expenditure survey, this study computed the financial variables, representing poverty line and households at poor state, household's catastrophic health expenditure, fairness in financial contribution (FFC) index, and household's impoverishment state, in the years 2010-2016, in urban and rural areas.