Targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) for treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); the recent advances.

The immune system uses various immune checkpoint axes to adjust responses, support homeostasis, and deter self-reactivity and autoimmunity. Nevertheless, non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) can use protective mechanisms to facilitate immune evasion, which leads to potentiated cancer survival and proliferation. In this light, many blocking anti-bodies have been developed to negatively regulate checkpoint molecules, in particular, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / PD-ligand 1 (L1), and bypass these immune suppressive mechanisms.

Emerging role of human microbiome in cancer development and response to therapy: special focus on intestinal microflora.

In recent years, there has been a greater emphasis on the impact of microbial populations inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract on human health and disease. According to the involvement of microbiota in modulating physiological processes (such as immune system development, vitamins synthesis, pathogen displacement, and nutrient uptake), any alteration in its composition and diversity (i.e.

Human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium reduces inflammatory factors and fibrosis in ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Is mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium capable of improving the pathological alterations of ovalbumin-induced asthma in mice? What is the main finding and its importance? Our study indicated that human amniotic membrane mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium is capable of modulating inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and the pathological consequences of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in mice.

Abstract: Paracrine factors secreted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties, and the conditioned medium (CM) of these cells might have functional capabilities. We examined the effects of human amniotic membrane MSC-CM (hAM-MSC-CM) on ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma.

Muscarinic receptors, nitric oxide formation and cyclooxygenase pathway involved in tracheal smooth muscle relaxant effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of Lavandula angustifolia flowers.

Background: Lavandula angustifolia (L. angustifolia) Mill. (Common name Lavender) is used in traditional and folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases including respiratory disorders worldwide.

Metabolic effects of berberine on liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase in rats fed on high lipogenic diet: an additional mechanism for the hypolipidemic effects of berberine.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of berberine (BBR) on the liver phosphatidate phosphohydrolase (PAP) and plasma lipids in rats fed on high lipogenic and normal diet.

Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group I (control) received standard diet.

Detection of airway partitioning following unilateral nasal stimulations by the forced oscillation technique in rats.

Nasal mucosa has an extraordinary nerve supply with unique geometry that encompasses complex physiology. Among these, side-specific predilections to the respiratory and autonomic centers are the interesting issues that have been raised about the consequences of the nasal irritations. The aim of the study was an evaluation of how intranasal stimulation influences lung mechanics and determines whether unilateral stimulation produces side-specific partitioning responses.

Differential consequences of unilateral nasal air-puff stimulation on breathing pattern and respiratory system mechanics in tracheotomized rats.

Objective(s): Reflexes that rose from mechanoreceptors in nasal cavities have extensive neuro-regulatory effects on respiratory system. Because of side specific geometry and dual innervations of the nasal mucosa, we investigated the consequences of unilateral nasal stimulations on respiratory mechanics and breathing patterns.

Materials And Methods: Unilateral nasal air-puff stimulation (30 min) in the presence of propranolol (25 mg/kg) and atropine (5 mg/kg) were applied on tracheotomized spontaneously breathing rats.