Lung cancer patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement lose affiliation with labor market at diagnosis.

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the labor market affiliation of NSCLC patients in long-term treatment as well as overall survival and incidence/prevalence. Nationwide retrospective study of all patients with NSCLC in Denmark diagnosed between 2012 and 2018. During the study period NSCLC patients had a median overall survival of 44.

Cardiovascular disease in women with breast cancer - a nationwide cohort study.

Background: There is increasing concern about cardiovascular disease (CVD) after breast cancer (BC). The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of different types of CVD in women diagnosed with BC compared to cancer-free controls as well as the incidence of CVD after BC diagnosis.

Methods: We performed a cohort study based on data from national registries covering the entire Danish population.

Microglia Express Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in the Hippocampus of Aged APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a pleiotropic molecule with neurotrophic and immunomodulatory functions. Knowing the capacity of chronically activated microglia to produce IGF-1 may therefore show essential to promote beneficial microglial functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the expression of IGF-1 mRNA and IGF-1 along with the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, and the amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque load in the hippocampus of 3- to 24-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice.

Does changed referral options affect the use of MRI for patients with low back pain? Evidence from a natural experiment using nationwide data.

Objectives: This study reports lumbar MRI referral patterns in the Region of Southern Denmark (RSD) and investigates the hypothesis that we will see an increase in imaging rates (MRI rates) following new referral options to lumbar MRI in the RSD in comparison with the other regions in Denmark from 2010 to 2013.

Design: A difference-in-difference (DD) analysis, using general practitioners (GPs) in other regions as control, was used to test if the new referral options had an effect on the MRI rates.

Setting: In 2010, RSD introduced organisational changes affecting the referral options for lumbar MRI.

The effectiveness of a stratified care model for non-specific low back pain in Danish primary care compared to current practice: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Prior studies indicate that stratified care for low back pain results in better clinical outcome and reduced costs in healthcare compared to current practice. Stratified care may be associated with clinical benefits for patients with low back pain at a lower cost, but evidence is sparse. Hence this study aims to evaluate the clinical effects and cost-effectiveness of stratified care in patients with non-specific low back pain compared to current practice.

Disturbances in the control of capillary flow in an aged APP/PS1ΔE9 model of Alzheimer's disease.

Vascular changes are thought to contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease, and both cerebral blood flow and its responses during neural activation are reduced before Alzheimer's disease symptoms onset. One hypothetical explanation is that capillary dysfunction reduces oxygen extraction efficacy. This study compares the morphology and hemodynamics of the microvasculature in the somatosensory cortex of 18-month-old APP/PS1ΔE9 (transgenic [Tg]) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates.

Rehabilitation of Discharged Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Are New Strategies Needed?

Background: Rehabilitation after hospital stay implies several benefits for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); still few patients are referred and participate in rehabilitation programs. We conducted a case study to investigate the effects of interventions targeting the referral, uptake, and completion for a program of early rehabilitation in the primary health-care sector.

Methods: We undertook targeted initiatives to make patients participate in an individualized rehabilitation program with gradual increased intensity.

Cortical spreading depolarizations in the postresuscitation period in a cardiac arrest male rat model.

Neurological injury develops over days following cardiac arrest (CA); however, the exact mechanisms remain unknown. After stroke or trauma, the progression of neurological injury is associated with cortical-spreading depolarizations (CSDs). The objective was to investigate whether CA and subsequent resuscitation in rats are associated with 1) the development of spontaneous negative direct current (DC) shifts indicative of CSDs, and 2) changes in artificially induced CSDs in the postresuscitation period.

The sorting receptor SorCS3 is a stronger regulator of glutamate receptor functions compared to GABAergic mechanisms in the hippocampus.

Correct function of glutamate receptors in the postsynaptic density is crucial to synaptic function and plasticity. SorCS3 (sortilin-related receptor CNS expressed 3) is a sorting receptor which previously has been shown to interact with the key postsynaptic proteins; PSD-95 and PICK1. In this study, we employed electrophysiological analyses of acute brain slices combined with immunohistochemistry to define the role of SorCS3 in hippocampal synapses in CA1 and the dentate gyrus.

A zinc fixative for 3D visualization of cerebral capillaries and pericytes.

Background: A large volume of data indicates that disturbances in the morphology and function of the capillary wall may play a causal role in several types of neurodegenerative disorders. We present a highly reproducible staining method for investigating the cerebral capillary network and the pericyte cells within the basement membrane in mice - a specie specific challenging task when uniform staining in thick sections was needed for confocal microscopy or a quantitative analysis, e.g.

Quantitative analysis of the capillary network of aged APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mice.

A combination of immunohistochemical and stereological techniques were used to investigate the capillary network in the cerebral cortex of 18-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic (Tg) mice and control littermates. Data regarding total capillary length, segment number, diffusion radius, and pericyte number are presented. The total length was 60 meters and there was a one-to-one relationship between the number of capillary segments and pericytes in both groups.

Exploring educational disparities in risk of preterm delivery: a comparative study of 12 European birth cohorts.

Background: An association between education and preterm delivery has been observed in populations across Europe, but differences in methodology limit comparability. We performed a direct cross-cohort comparison of educational disparities in preterm delivery based on individual-level birth cohort data.

Methods: The study included data from 12 European cohorts from Denmark, England, France, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Italy, Portugal, and Spain.

Long-term potentiation and the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are known for their role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). Here we start by reviewing the early evidence for their role in LTP at CA1 synapses in the hippocampus. We then discuss more recent evidence that NMDAR dependent synaptic plasticity at these synapses can be separated into mechanistically distinct components.

Amniotic fluid phthalate levels and male fetal gonad function.

Background: Prenatal exposure to phthalates may pose a threat to human male reproduction. However, additional knowledge about the in vivo effect in humans is needed, and reported associations with genital abnormalities are inconclusive. We aimed to study prenatal di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) exposure in relation to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, and human fetal Leydig cell function.

Maternal bereavement and cryptorchidism in offspring.

Background: Cryptorchidism (undescended testis) is a common anomaly with largely unexplained etiology. Animal studies have suggested maternal emotional stress as a potential risk factor, but this has not been studied in humans. We aimed to investigate whether maternal bereavement due to the death of a close relative in the antenatal period increases the occurrence of cryptorchidism in the offspring.

[Chronic obstructive lung disease management programmes do not benefit the coordination of care pathways].

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) is a challenging condition for both primary and secondary health-care providers. Disease management programmes (DMP's) have been expected to lead to evident improvements in the continuum of care for COLD. The utility of a COLD management programme was evaluated in a study based on interviews among general practitioners and COLD specialists.

Predictors for an unsuccessful INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation procedure: a cohort study.

Background: The INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation (INSURE) is a procedure that is increasingly being used to treat the respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. The objective of this study was to identify predictors for an unsuccessful INSURE procedure.

Methods: The neonates included were less than 32 weeks' gestation, treated with surfactant in the neonatal intensive care unit, and born 1998-2010.

Sex bias in ultrasound measures of gestational age: assessment by sex ratio in post-term births.

Background: Estimation of fetal age by ultrasound assumes identical biometries for both sexes at identical gestational ages. However, late in the first trimester male fetuses become larger overall than female fetuses, which may introduce a sex bias with clinical consequences. A recent study showed that using due-date estimates based on biparietal diameter from the second trimester increased the post-term male-to-female ratio and the risk of stillbirth among female fetuses born at 43 gestational weeks.

Socio-occupational class, region of birth and maternal age: influence on time to detection of cryptorchidism (undescended testes): a Danish nationwide register study.

Background: Cryptorchidism (undescended testes) is associated with poor male fertility, but can be alleviated and fertility preserved to some degree by early detection and treatment. Here we assess the influence of socio-occupational class, geographical region, maternal age and birth cohort on time to detection and correction of cryptorchidism.

Methods: All boys born in Denmark, 1981 to 1987 or 1988 to 1994, with a diagnosis of cryptorchidism were identified in nationwide registers.

The Wobbler mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) displays hippocampal hyperexcitability, and reduced number of interneurons, but no presynaptic vesicle release impairments.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. It is a fatal degenerative disease, best recognized for its debilitating neuromuscular effects. ALS however also induces cognitive impairments in as many as 50% of affected individuals.

Gestational age, small for gestational age, and infantile colic.

Background: Preterm and growth restricted infants may have developmental delays and deviations from normal organ function related to the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system. Since both organ systems are hypothesised to be involved in the pathogenesis of infantile colic, a condition characterised by excessive crying during the first months of life, impaired fetal growth and preterm birth may be risk factors for infantile colic.

Methods: A total of 62,761 liveborn singletons from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996 to 2002) were studied.

Risk of cryptorchidism among sons of horticultural workers and farmers in Denmark.

Objectives: Previous studies indicate an increased risk of cryptorchidism, incomplete testicular descent, among sons of women working with pesticides. This study assessed the risk of cryptorchidism among boys of parents employed as horticultural workers and farmers using nationwide registers on occupation and cryptorchidism.

Methods: The cohort consisted of >600 000 boys born in Denmark from 1980-2007 with a parent in employment during pregnancy.

The roles of STP and LTP in synaptic encoding.

Long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model of learning and memory, is generally regarded as a unitary phenomenon that alters the strength of synaptic transmission by increasing the postsynaptic response to the release of a quantum of neurotransmitter. LTP, at CA3-CA1 synapses in the hippocampus, contains a stimulation-labile phase of short-term potentiation (STP, or transient LTP, t-LTP) that decays into stable LTP. By studying the responses of populations of neurons to brief bursts of high-frequency afferent stimulation before and after the induction of LTP, we found that synaptic responses during bursts are potentiated equally during LTP but not during STP.

Different NMDA receptor subtypes mediate induction of long-term potentiation and two forms of short-term potentiation at CA1 synapses in rat hippocampus in vitro.

Potentiation at synapses between CA3 and the CA1 pyramidal neurons comprises both transient and sustained phases, commonly referred to as short-term potentiation (STP or transient LTP) and long-term potentiation (LTP), respectively. Here, we utilized four subtype-selective N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists to investigate whether the induction of STP and LTP is dependent on the activation of different NMDAR subtypes. We find that the induction of LTP involves the activation of NMDARs containing both the GluN2A and the GluN2B subunits.

Risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias among boys of maternal hairdressers - a Danish population-based cohort study.

Objectives: Pregnant hairdressers may be exposed to a mixture of chemicals in their working environment. The possible relationship between these chemical agents and male reproductive tract malformations has raised concern that the working environment of hairdressers might have adverse effects on fetal development. This study assessed the risk of cryptorchidism and hypospadias among boys of maternal hairdressers.