Comparison of Outcomes of Hinge Craniotomy Versus Decompressive Craniectomy in Patients With Malignant Intracranial Hypertension: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study.

Objective: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare the short-, mid-, and long-term outcomes in patients with malignant intracranial hypertension undergoing either decompressive craniectomy (DC) or hinge craniotomy (HC).

Methods: In this prospective RCT, 38 patients diagnosed with malignant intracranial hypertension due to ischemic infarction, traumatic brain injury, or non-lesional spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, who required cranial decompression, were randomly allocated to the DC and HC groups.

Results: The need for reoperation, particularly cranioplasty, in the DC group was significantly different from that in the HC group.

Role of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Genitourinary Malignancies.

Genitourinary (GU) malignancies are common and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In patients with localized GU cancers, surgical resection or definitive radiation remain the mainstays of treatment. Despite definitive treatment, many patients with high-risk localized disease experience recurrence.

An Expanded Registry of Candidate cis-Regulatory Elements for Studying Transcriptional Regulation.

Mammalian genomes contain millions of regulatory elements that control the complex patterns of gene expression. Previously, The ENCODE consortium mapped biochemical signals across many cell types and tissues and integrated these data to develop a Registry of 0.9 million human and 300 thousand mouse candidate cis-Regulatory Elements (cCREs) annotated with potential functions.

Intracranial hypertension and papilledema secondary to an unruptured arteriovenous malformation: Review of the literature.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are abnormal connections of arteries and veins without intermediate capillary components. As such, AVMs can remain asymptomatic or have a variety of clinical presentations ranging from mild headaches to severe symptoms like seizures, hemorrhage, and subsequent coma. Papilledema and increased intracranial pressure without hydrocephalus or hemorrhage are rare forms of presentations of cerebral AVM.

Diagnostic value of antibody testing in comparison with lung scan and PCR in patients suspected of having COVID-19.

Background And Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered viral infection. It's still unclear how antibodies react in infected individuals, and there is not enough evidence to support the clinical use of antibody examination. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of serologic tests for diagnosing COVID-19.

C5aR1 antagonism suppresses inflammatory glial responses and alters cellular signaling in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in older adults, and the need for effective, sustainable therapeutic targets is imperative. The complement pathway has been proposed as a therapeutic target. C5aR1 inhibition reduces plaque load, gliosis, and memory deficits in animal models, however, the cellular bases underlying this neuroprotection were unclear.

A Numerical Study of Fault Reactivation Mechanisms in CO Storage.

Due to extensive industrialization and ongoing fossil fuel consumption, CO emissions have significantly contributed to climate change and rising greenhouse gas levels. The collection and storage of CO in subsurface geological formations have been proposed as a feasible alternative. The well-documented In Salah storage site is the subject of the chosen case study.

Differential gene expression underlying epileptogenicity in patients with gliomas.

Background: Seizures are a common sequela for patients suffering from gliomas. Molecular properties are known to influence the initiation of seizures that may influence tumor growth. Different levels of gene expression with seizures related to gliomas remain unclear.

Individual longitudinal changes in DNA-methylome identify signatures of early-life adversity and correlate with later outcome.

Adverse early-life experiences (ELA) affect a majority of the world's children. Whereas the enduring impact of ELA on cognitive and emotional health is established, there are no tools to predict vulnerability to ELA consequences in an individual child. Epigenetic markers including peripheral-cell DNA-methylation profiles may encode ELA and provide predictive outcome markers, yet the interindividual variance of the human genome and rapid changes in DNA methylation in childhood pose significant challenges.

Final Results From a Phase I Trial and Expansion Cohorts of Cabozantinib and Nivolumab Alone or With Ipilimumab for Advanced/Metastatic Genitourinary Tumors.

Purpose: Cabozantinib and nivolumab (CaboNivo) alone or with ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi) have shown promising efficacy and safety in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC), metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), and rare genitourinary (GU) tumors in a dose-escalation phase I study. We report the final data analysis of the safety, overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) of the phase I patients and seven expansion cohorts.

Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, multicenter, phase I trial.

The ENCODE mouse postnatal developmental time course identifies regulatory programs of cell types and cell states.

Postnatal genomic regulation significantly influences tissue and organ maturation but is under-studied relative to existing genomic catalogs of adult tissues or prenatal development in mouse. The ENCODE4 consortium generated the first comprehensive single-nucleus resource of postnatal regulatory events across a diverse set of mouse tissues. The collection spans seven postnatal time points, mirroring human development from childhood to adulthood, and encompasses five core tissues.

Microplate Versus Combined Microplate-Miniplate in Fixation of Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fractures: An In-Silico Analysis of Biomechanical Parameters.

Introduction: To compare the biomechanical parameters of microplates and the combined miniplate-microplate for fixing zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC) fractures using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA).

Material And Methods: Two samples of ZMC fracture models were prepared. In sample 1 (S1), the fractures were stabilized with microplates, and in sample 2 (S2), with miniplates plus microplates.

Characterization of Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Given the emergence of PSMA-targeted diagnostic agents and therapeutics, we sought to investigate patterns of expression in RCC and their impacts on RCC outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a pooled multi-institutional analysis of patients with RCC having undergone DNA and RNA next-generation sequencing. -high/low expression was defined as the ≥75th/<25th percentile of RNA transcripts per million (TPM).

Single-cell spatial transcriptomics reveals a dystrophic trajectory following a developmental bifurcation of myoblast cell fates in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is linked to abnormal derepression of the transcription activator DUX4. This effect is localized to a low percentage of cells, requiring single-cell analysis. However, single-cell/nucleus RNA-seq cannot fully capture the transcriptome of multinucleated large myotubes.

Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years: the Tehran Geriatrics Eye Study.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of some retinal pathologies in people over 60y and their association with demographic and ocular factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran using multistage cluster sampling. After selecting subjects aged 60 and over, optometric, and ophthalmic examinations were done.

Subfoveal choroidal thickness in a general elderly population; Tehran geriatric eye study.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and its associated demographic, ocular, and systemic factors in an elderly population.

Methods: This report is part of the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study (TGES); a population-based cross-sectional study that was conducted on the urban elderly population of Tehran, aged 60 years and above using multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling. Choroidal imaging was performed using Spectralis SD-OCT with enhanced depth imaging mode.

Characterization of cerebral radiation necrosis following the treatment of sinonasal malignancies.

Objectives: Our study aims to determine the incidence and potential risk factors for cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) following treatment of sinonasal malignancies.

Methods: One hundred thirty-two patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignancies over an 18-year period were identified at two institutions. Forty-six patients meeting inclusion criteria and treated with radiation therapy were included for analysis.

The Abca7 variant reduces Aβ generation, plaque load, and neuronal damage.

Background: Variants in ABCA7, a member of the ABC transporter superfamily, have been associated with increased risk for developing late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD).

Methods: CRISPR-Cas9 was used to generate an Abca7 variant in mice, modeling the homologous human ABCA7 variant, and extensive characterization was performed.

Results: Abca7 microglia show differential gene expression profiles upon lipopolysaccharide challenge and increased phagocytic capacity.

Identification of robust cellular programs using reproducible LDA that impact sex-specific disease progression in different genotypes of a mouse model of AD.

The gene expression profiles of distinct cell types reflect complex genomic interactions among multiple simultaneous biological processes within each cell that can be altered by disease progression as well as genetic background. The identification of these active cellular programs is an open challenge in the analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a generative method used to identify recurring patterns in counts data, commonly referred to as topics that can be used to interpret the state of each cell.

BIN1 suppresses glial response to plaques in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The BIN1 coding variant rs138047593 (K358R) is linked to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) via targeted exome sequencing.

Methods: To elucidate the functional consequences of this rare coding variant on brain amyloidosis and neuroinflammation, we generated BIN1 knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These mice were subsequently bred with 5xFAD transgenic mice, which serve as a model for Alzheimer's pathology.