The seasonal and daily activities of Phlebotomus papatasi in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

The seasonal abundance of P. papatasi was determined by monthly collection. It was found that the greatest number of sandflies occurred most commonly during the summer season with a peak in June and another one in September.

In vitro control of Phthirus pubis with four pediculocides: Eurax, Elimite, Licid and Benzanil.

Phthirus pubis, Linnaeus 1758 that causes phthiriasis is a common infestation disease. However, it is commonly be acquired in jails, brothels, and other similar places. The efficacy of four insecticides commercially known as Eurax, Elimite, Licid, and Benzanil was evaluated for controlling pubic lice in vitro.

Morphological studies on Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia.

In general, leishmaniasis is more or less a problem not only in Saudi Arabia but also in all countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. In Saudi Arabia, the most important form is zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCI.).

The histopathological effect of metacercariae of the genus Brachylaima on the land snail, Monacha obstructa.

The histopathological changes in the kidney of the land snail Monacha obstructa and the histochemistry of the body wall of the parasite were studied. The histological pictures of the infected kidney showed extensive degree of degeneration in the renal tissue with multiple necrotic foci. Due to the mechanical and feeding effects of the parasite, the renal lamellae were disintegrated.

Demodex (follicular mite) infesting a boy and his pet dog.

Intense iritation and dermatitis, somewhat resembling that produced by scabies can result from various mites living as temporary ectoparasites on the skin of man. Demodex folliculorum is a worm-like mite that infests hair follicles above the level of sebaceous glands in various mammals. In this paper, Demodex folliculorum was recovered from a boy and his pet dog.

Mites (acari) infesting commensal rats in Suez Canal zone, Egypt.

Mites are arthropods distinguished from ticks by usually being microscopical in size and have a hypostome unarmed with tooth-like anchoring processes. They are group in a number of suborders, each with super-families and families including many genera of medical and economic importance. In this paper, commensal rodents (Rattus norvegicus, R.

Interaction between acari ectoparasites and rodents in Suez Governorate, Egypt.

From the medical point of view, the relation between man and rodents comes in the priority. Some rodent populations are wild but others are commensal and live in close association with man. They steal his food and conveying many zoonotic diseases.

Studies on anopheline larvae in El Faiyum Governorate, Egypt.

In Egypt, malaria is still reported as sporadic cases or small outbreaks particularly in El Faiyum Governorate. This paper aimed to identify and to study the breeding and seasonal activities of anopheline larvae. Spot light surveys were carried out in five different ecological areas (Karoun Lake, El Fedemean, El Siliyien, Kom-Osheim and Sinouris) from September 1991 to August 1992.

Studies on zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis among a group of temporary workers in North Sinai Governorate, Egypt.

Leishmaniasis (cutaneous, CL. and visceral, VL.) is an increasing public health problem in the Mediterranean Region.

Mucosal leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in Saudi Arabia.

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL.) which is called Espundia, and Uta is confined to South and Central America. In this form of leishmaniasis, the reticulo-endothelial system of the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose and throat is parasitized.

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (cachectin) in human visceral leishmaniasis.

Generally speaking, the cell mediated immunity plays a pivotal role in the host resistance against the protozoal parasite of the genus Leishmania. The polypeptide hormone cachectin (Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha) which is produced mainly by macrophages, is a primary mediator in the pathogenesis of infection, injury and inflammation. Depending on its concentration, duration of cell exposure and presence of other mediators in the cellular environment, the net biological effect of this peptide regulatory factor may ultimately be benefit or injury to the host.

Studies on the bionomics and vector competence of adult anopheline mosquitoes in El Faiyum Governorate, Egypt.

Malaria is by far the most important parasitic tropical disease, causing great suffering and loss of money and life. Its prevalence and incidence varies throughout the world. In Egypt, it is an ancient disease.

Four species of house dust mites recovered from houses of patients with allergic respiratory diseases.

Arthropods and their products are wide spread and considered one of the common allergens affecting man. Allergy to arthropod antigens is the major cause of respiratory allergy as rhinitis and bronchial asthma. The range of reaction depends on several factors which include the type and source of the material, the rate of intensity, the duration of exposure, the human immune response and history of prior exposure.

Scaning electron microscopy of Capillaria muris sylvatici from Clethrionomys glareolus with reference to the zoonotic species.

Species of the genus Capillaria are numerous. Many of them are parasites of different species of vertebrates, including man, causing various pathological manifestations. The taxonomy of the capillariids is a complicated one.

Congenital toxoplasmosis among premature infants with different clinical pictures in Saudi Arabia.

No doubt, toxoplasmosis is a prevalent infection in all the Arab countries. However, the incidence differs from one country to another and even within the same country. Congenital toxoplasmosis is the most important form of the infection.

Endothelial tissue pathological alterations demonstrated in mice naturally infected with Sarcocystis.

Comparative electron microscopical study showed a spectrum of cytopathological changes ranging from exudative to obstructive inflammation of the vascular endothelium in mice naturally infected with Sarcocystis. The endothelial cells changes were characteristic of necrotizing vasculitis and ischaemic injury indicating loss of metabolic integrity and impaired perfusion. Signs of chronic inflammation and reflecting macrophage-lymphocyte interaction were also evident.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Generally speaking, the cell mediated immunity plays a pivotal role in the host resistance against the protozoal parasite Leishmania species. On the other hand, TNF-a (Cachectin) is a protein produced mainly by macrophages, with wide range of biological activities and may be important in inflammatory processes. Also, it plays the important role in some infectious diseases.

Immunoglobulins in patients with atopic dermatitis due to mites infestation in Qualyobia Governorate, Egypt.

Atopic dermatitis (A.D.) is a hereditary and distinct form of eczema which may be associated with other atopic manifestations.

Reduced longevity and fecundity in Leishmania-infected sand flies.

Phlebotomus papatasi and P. langeroni were infected with Leishmania major and L. infantum by membrane feeding.

The helminthic parasites of rodents in Dakahlia Governorate, with reference to their Egyptian helminth fauna.

No doubt, rodents are among the most important reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. This paper aimed to survey the helminth fauna of the different species of rodents in Dakahlia Governorate. Eight species of rodents were encountered in the different centers examined.

Natural Leishmania infections in two stray dogs and two Gerbillus pyramidum in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt.

In Egypt, zoonotic cutaneaus leishmaniasis (ZCL) and infantile visceral leishmaniasis (I.VL.) have been documented.

Isolation of three species of mites from house dust of atopic dermatitis patients in Qualyobia Governorate, Egypt.

Dermatitis or inflammation of the skin caused by an outside agent, is a condition with many causes. It may result from direct irritation of the skin by a substances (chemical or insecticide) or it may be an allergic reaction to a particular substance that has been in contact with the skin as soap or detergent or insect urticating hairs; injected as insect saliva or faeces or sting or taken by mouth as food or drug. In general, treatment of dermatitis depends mainly upon the cause.

Human scabies acquired from a pet puppy.

Scabies is a very old contagious skin disease caused by itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei which burrows into the stratum corneum. Nowadays, human scabies is one of the health problems among the school children. This paper dealt with a case of scabies in a preschool aged child who acquired the infestation from his pet puppy.

Antibodies against toxoplasma in commensal rodents trapped in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia.

Toxoplasma gondii, that protozoal parasite which causes toxoplasmosis, pays no respect to boundaries of Zoology and Geography. It has been reported in a large number of birds and mammals including man from nearly all over the world. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of human infection ranges between 21% and 49.

Assessment of intact Sarcocystis cystozoites as an ELISA antigen.

Intact cystozoites extracted from naturally infected bovine flesh were used as an antigen to develop an ELISA for serodiagnosing sarcocystosis. The antigen appeared non- reactive with known non specific rat sera. Comparative testing of intact and sonicated antigens using known positive and control rat sera showed the former to be more sensitive in detecting specific antibodies at high serum dilutions.