Neurodevelopmental and Mental Health Outcomes in a National Clinical Sample of Youth With Sex Chromosome Trisomies Compared With Matched Controls.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and mental health diagnoses in a national sample of youth with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) with matched controls.

Methods: Patients in PEDSnet and a diagnosis code mapping to 47,XXY/Klinefelter syndrome (n = 1171), 47,XYY/Double Y syndrome (n = 243), or 47,XXX/Trisomy X syndrome (n = 262) were matched with controls using propensity scores. Generalized estimating equations computed odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the prevalence of diagnoses within the neurodevelopmental and mental health composites, psychotropic medication prescriptions, and encounters with behavioral health and therapy providers.

The Clinical Nurse Specialist: A Valuable Asset to a High-Reliability Healthcare Organization.

High-reliability organizations aim to achieve zero harm. The clinical nurse specialist (CNS) is an advanced practice RN who adds value to the leadership team. The CNS is proficient in influencing care delivery across the continuum and the master of developing collaborative relationships that aid in the discovery of deficiencies in care and generation of innovative ideas to minimize deficiencies.

Results From South Africa's 2022 Healthy Active Kids' Report Card on Physical Activity, Body Composition Proxies, and Nutritional Status in Children and Adolescents.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and nutrition in children have an impact on overall physical and mental well-being, cognitive, and social development. This study aims to report on the best current available evidence on PA, body composition proxies, and nutritional status of South African children and adolescents, based on the published findings between 2018 and 2022, which comprise the 2022 Healthy Active Kids South Africa Report Card.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search of online databases, along with hand searching and a gray literature search, was conducted based on PA, body composition proxies, and nutrition indicators defined, in part, by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance.

Cross-sectional survey of sources of information accompanying veterinary product advertisements in two professional print publications.

Background: Veterinarians should be able to easily access scientific evidence about medical products and devices to incorporate into their clinical decision making. While the characteristics and quality of supporting information accompanying device and pharmaceutical advertisements have been studied in human medicine, little is known about this topic in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study was to characterise the supporting information provided by manufacturers of prescribed products, tests or devices in promotional material found in two commonly read UK-based veterinary publications.

Evidentiary Significance of Routine EEG in Refractory Cases: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatry.

Over the past decade, the 's method of prescribing medications based on presenting symptoms has been challenged. The shift toward precision medicine began with the National Institute of Mental Health and culminated with the World Psychiatric Association's posit that a paradigm shift is needed. This study supports that shift by providing evidence explaining the high rate of psychiatric medication failure and suggests a possible first step toward precision medicine.

Use of Quantitative CT Imaging to Identify Bronchial Thermoplasty Responders.

Background: Bronchial thermoplasty (BT) is a treatment for patients with poorly controlled, severe asthma. However, predictors of treatment response to BT are defined poorly.

Research Question: Do baseline radiographic and clinical characteristics exist that predict response to BT?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a longitudinal prospective cohort study of participants with severe asthma receiving BT across eight academic medical centers.

Gas Compression Systematically Delays the Onset of Viscous Fingering.

Using gas to drive liquid from a Hele-Shaw cell leads to classical viscous fingering. Strategies for suppressing fingering have received substantial attention. For steady injection of an incompressible gas, the intensity of fingering is controlled by the capillary number Ca.

Comparison of medical resources and costs among patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance in the Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation trial.

Background: The Acarbose Cardiovascular Evaluation (ACE) trial (ISRCTN91899513) evaluated the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, compared with placebo, in 6522 patients with coronary heart disease and impaired glucose tolerance in China and showed a reduced incidence of diabetes. We assessed the within-trial medical resource use and costs, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs).

Methods: Resource use data were collected prospectively within the ACE trial.

Adenoma Detection Rate Benchmarks: An Updated Analysis.

Early-onset colorectal cancer prompted organizations to reduce the recommended screening initiation age from 50 to 45 years. The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality Assurance in Endoscopy Committee recommends 3 priority quality indicators for colonoscopy services. The adenoma detection rate is considered the most important measure with the established benchmark based upon studies of patients 50 years or older.

Association between Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Biomarker Levels and Diagnosis, Injury Severity, and Short-Term Outcomes in Patients with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury.

Acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is recognized as a global problem that can lead to a range of acute and secondary complications impacting morbidity and mortality. There is still a lack of reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with SCI that could help guide clinical care and identify novel therapeutic targets for future drug discovery. The aim of this prospective controlled study was to determine the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and serum profiles of 10 biomarkers as indicators of SCI diagnosis, severity, and prognosis to aid in assessing appropriate treatment modalities.

Feasibility and Acceptability of an Online Family Literacy Program in an Under-Resourced Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an online family literacy program (FLP) among low-income Latino families during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We conducted a mixed methods pilot study. Latino parent-child dyads participated in an 8-week online FLP conducted on video conferencing software, developed through a cross-sector health care-education partnership.

Expert consensus on the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, complex, connective tissue disorder. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common in SSc, occurring in 35-52% of patients and accounting for 20-40% of mortality. Evolution of therapeutic options has resulted in a lack of consensus on how to manage this condition.

Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of pegozafermin in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b/2a multiple-ascending-dose study.

Background: Management strategies for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are based predominantly on lifestyle modification, with no approved disease-modifying drugs yet available. We aimed to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of pegozafermin (BIO89-100), a glycoPEGylated FGF21 analogue, in participants with NASH.

Methods: This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1b/2a multiple-ascending-dose study enrolled adults (aged 21-75 years) who had NASH with stage F1-F3 fibrosis, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and a high risk of NASH (referred to in this study as phenotypic NASH) due to central obesity with type 2 diabetes, or central obesity with increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or a Fibroscan score of 7 kPa or greater, across 12 specialist centres and clinics in the USA.

Widening Racial Disparities During COVID-19 Telemedicine Transition: A Study of Child Mental Health Services at Two Large Children's Hospitals.

Objective: To examine whether racial disparities in access to pediatric mental health care were affected during the COVID-19 telemedicine transition at both The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) and Boston Children's Hospital (BCH).

Method: Electronic health records were queried for all unique outpatient visits from a pre-pandemic period in 2019 and a within-pandemic period in 2020. Changes in the proportion of patients were compared based on insurance status, clinic location, and racial identification.

An epigenetically inherited UV hyper-resistance phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Background: Epigenetics refers to inheritable phenotypic changes that occur in the absence of genetic alteration. Such adaptations can provide phenotypic plasticity in reaction to environmental cues. While prior studies suggest that epigenetics plays a role in the response to DNA damage, no direct demonstration of epigenetically inheritable processes have been described in this context.

The American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Quality Assurance in Endoscopy Committee's Three Priority Quality Indicators for Screening Colonoscopy Services.

Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and women in the United States. Small polyps are slow to grow and turn to cancer, which provides time for screening and removal of the precancerous polyps so that colorectal cancer is prevented. Quality colonoscopy services are essential to ensure all polyps are found and removed as the final step of colorectal cancer screening.

Controlled DCD lung transplantation: Circumventing imagined and real barriers-time for an international taskforce?

Controlled donation after circulatory death (DCD) has the potential to substantially increase the number of lung transplants thus offsetting some of the imbalance between need and organ availability. We examine the potential benefits associated with increased DCD utilization as well as the perceived barriers to the expansion of DCD. Solutions are offered as a means to expand DCD utilization across centers and nations.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Effects of Time on Compliance and Driving Pressures in ARDS.

Background: The evolution of compliance and driving pressure in ARDS and the effects of time spent on noninvasive respiratory support prior to intubation have not been well studied. We conducted this study to assess the effect of the duration of noninvasive respiratory support prior to intubation (ie, noninvasive ventilation [NIV], high-flow nasal cannula [HFNC], or a combination of NIV and HFNC) on static compliance and driving pressure and retrospectively describe its trajectory over time for COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 ARDS while on mechanical ventilation.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from one university-affiliated academic medical center, one rural magnet hospital, and 3 suburban community facilities.

The American College of Gastroenterology's 2021 Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines: A Summary for Gastroenterology Nurses & Associates.

Colorectal cancer ranks third for both men and women as the most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Screening allows for removal of polyps before they turn to cancer or by identifying early-stage colorectal cancers, which are most treatable. The American College of Gastroenterology recently released an update of their 2009 recommendations, which includes average risk individuals between ages 45 and 49 years due to the increased incidence of early-onset colorectal cancers.

A Randomized, Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Insulin Dimer.

Insulin molecules of size much greater than natural insulin have been synthesized and studied with the intention of widening the therapeutic window between adequate glycemic control and hypoglycemia as compared with conventional insulins. MK-1092 is a synthetic insulin dimer with favorable properties demonstrated in preclinical studies. Here, we report the results of the first-in-human, randomized, double-blind, active-control, single ascending dose trial of MK-1092, conducted in healthy adults, adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).