Nuclear Dependence of the Transverse Single-Spin Asymmetry in the Production of Charged Hadrons at Forward Rapidity in Polarized p+p, p+Al, and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV.

We report on the nuclear dependence of transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in the production of positively charged hadrons in polarized p^{↑}+p, p^{↑}+Al, and p^{↑}+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV. The measurements have been performed at forward rapidity (1.4<η<2.

Distinct Binding Preferences between Ras and Raf Family Members and the Impact on Oncogenic Ras Signaling.

The Ras GTPases are frequently mutated in human cancer, and, although the Raf kinases are essential effectors of Ras signaling, the tumorigenic properties of specific Ras-Raf complexes are not well characterized. Here, we examine the ability of individual Ras and Raf proteins to interact in live cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) technology. We find that C-Raf binds all mutant Ras proteins with high affinity, whereas B-Raf exhibits a striking preference for mutant K-Ras.

Progress in cancer survival, mortality, and incidence in seven high-income countries 1995-2014 (ICBP SURVMARK-2): a population-based study.

Background: Population-based cancer survival estimates provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of cancer services and can reflect the prospects of cure. As part of the second phase of the International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP), the Cancer Survival in High-Income Countries (SURVMARK-2) project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer survival across seven high-income countries and a comparative assessment of corresponding incidence and mortality trends.

Methods: In this longitudinal, population-based study, we collected patient-level data on 3·9 million patients with cancer from population-based cancer registries in 21 jurisdictions in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and the UK) for seven sites of cancer (oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, and ovary) diagnosed between 1995 and 2014, and followed up until Dec 31, 2015.

Management of Strabismus Associated With Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome: A Novel Classification to Assist in Surgical Planning.

Purpose: There is no consensus on the surgical management of head position associated with infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) when strabismus coexists, and few outcome data have been published. We propose classifying strabismus into concordant or discordant based on the relationship between head positioning and strabismus and then modifying surgery accordingly. Our objective is to describe this system and to review surgical outcomes.

HtrA-mediated selective degradation of DNA uptake apparatus accelerates termination of pneumococcal transformation.

Natural transformation mediates horizontal gene transfer, and thereby promotes exchange of antibiotic resistance and virulence traits among bacteria. Streptococcus pneumoniae, the first known transformable bacterium, rapidly activates and then terminates the transformation state, but it is unclear how the bacterium accomplishes this rapid turn-around at the protein level. This work determined the transcriptomic and proteomic dynamics during the window of pneumococcal transformation.

Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.4 View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The association between diabetes medication and weight change in a non-surgical weight management intervention: an intervention cohort study.

Aim: To compare weight change in a lifestyle-based weight management programme between participants taking weight-gaining, weight-neutral/loss and mixed diabetes medications.

Methods: Electronic health records for individuals (≥ 18 years) with Type 2 diabetes who had been referred to a non-surgical weight management programme between February 2008 and May 2014 were studied. Diabetes medications were classified into three categories based on their effect on body weight.

Brief Motivational Interviewing Delivered by Clinician or Computer to Reduce Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adolescents: Acceptability Study.

Background: Clinicians are expected to screen their adolescent patients for an increasing number of health behaviors and intervene when they uncover risky behaviors, yet, the clinic time allotted to screen, intervene, and provide resources is insufficient. Brief motivational interviewing (MI) offers succinct behavior change counseling; however, for implementation, clinicians need training, skill, and time. Computerized screening and counseling adjuvants may help clinicians increase their scope of behavioral screening, especially with sensitive topics such as sexual health, and provide risk-reduction interventions without consuming provider time during visits.

Fuel Use during Exercise at Altitude in Women with Glucose-Fructose Ingestion.

Purpose: This study compared the coingestion of glucose and fructose on exogenous and endogenous substrate oxidation during prolonged exercise at terrestrial high altitude (HA) versus sea level, in women.

Method: Five women completed two bouts of cycling at the same relative workload (55% Wmax) for 120 min on acute exposure to HA (3375 m) and at sea level (~113 m). In each trial, participants ingested 1.

Ophthalmologic Abnormalities in Children with Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

To review a single center experience with the diagnosis of visual impairment in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and propose a diagnostic algorithm. Retrospective study of patients with SNHL who were diagnosed with ophthalmologic abnormalities in the course of evaluation. University children's hospital and university-associated eye institute.

Akt Regulates a Rab11-Effector Switch Required for Ciliogenesis.

Serum starvation stimulates cilia growth in cultured cells, yet serum factors associated with ciliogenesis are unknown. Previously, we showed that starvation induces rapid Rab11-dependent vesicular trafficking of Rabin8, a Rab8 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), to the mother centriole, leading to Rab8 activation and cilium growth. Here, we demonstrate that through the LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1), serum lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibits Rab11a-Rabin8 interaction and ciliogenesis.

The pneumococcal σ activator, ComW, is a DNA-binding protein critical for natural transformation.

Natural genetic transformation via horizontal gene transfer enables rapid adaptation to dynamic environments and contributes to both antibiotic resistance and vaccine evasion among bacterial populations. In (pneumococcus), transformation occurs when cells enter competence, a transient state in which cells express the competence master regulator, SigX (σ), an alternative σ factor (σ), and a competence co-regulator, ComW. Together, ComW and σ facilitate expression of the genes required for DNA uptake and genetic recombination.

The Impact of Canalplasty on Outcomes of Medial Graft Tympanoplasty.

Objective: Both medial and lateral graft techniques are commonly employed in tympanoplasty with acceptable closure rates. Canalplasty is routinely performed to obtain adequate exposure in the lateral graft technique; this usually entails removal of the anterior canal wall skin with subsequent replacement as a free graft. While formal canalplasty can also be performed in conjunction with medial graft technique to improve exposure, it is not commonly described.

Effectiveness of interventions for the implementation of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalised patients at risk of venous thromboembolism: an updated abridged Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of system-wide interventions designed to increase the implementation of thromboprophylaxis and decrease the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalised medical and surgical patients at risk of VTE.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources: Medline, PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, DARE, EED, LILACS and clinicaltrials.

Cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation in an evolving epidemic.

The cross-sectional approach to HIV incidence estimation overcomes some of the challenges with longitudinal cohort studies and has been successfully applied in many settings around the world. However, the cross-sectional approach does rely on an initial training data set to develop and calibrate the statistical methods to be used in cross-sectional surveys. The problem addressed in this paper is that the initial training data set may, over time, not reflect the current target population of interest because of evolution of the epidemic.

Changes in colorectal cancer incidence in seven high-income countries: a population-based study.

Background: The overall incidence of colorectal cancer is decreasing in many high-income countries, yet analyses in the USA and other high-income countries such as Australia, Canada, and Norway have suggested increasing incidences among adults younger than 50 years. We aimed to examine longitudinal and generational changes in the incidence of colon and rectal cancer in seven high-income countries.

Methods: We obtained data for the incidence of colon and rectal cancer from 21 population-based cancer registries in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, New Zealand, Ireland, and the UK for the earliest available year until 2014.

Visual Acuity and Ophthalmic Outcomes in the Year After Cataract Surgery Among Children Younger Than 13 Years.

Importance: Cataract is an important cause of visual impairment in children. Outcomes reported from a large clinical disease-specific registry can provide real-world estimates of visual outcomes and rates of adverse events in clinical practice.

Objective: To describe visual acuity and refractive error outcomes, as well as rates of amblyopia, glaucoma, and additional eye surgery, during the first year after lensectomy in children.

Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 19F Strain EF3030.

We report the complete genome sequence of EF3030, a serotype 19F isolate that colonizes the nasopharynx of mice while being mostly noninvasive. Such attributes make this strain highly attractive in pneumococcal carriage studies. The availability of its complete genomic sequence is likely to advance studies in the field.

A Biomedical Approach Via Telemedicine in the Treatment of a Child With Sensory Processing Disorder Using Diet and High-dose Biotin Intervention: A Case Report.

Background: We present the case of a 6-y-old boy who was diagnosed with sensory processing disorder with developmental language and learning delay. He was treated successfully with diet and high-dose biotin along with other nutrient support that resulted in resolution of abnormal sensory behaviors and improvement in language and learning.

Case/intervention: The child was diagnosed with a presumed biotin deficiency from organic acids testing which revealed markers that reflected biotin deficiency despite supplementation with 300 mcg daily (AI = 12 mcg/d).

Tracking Staphylococcus aureus in the intensive care unit using whole-genome sequencing.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus remains an important bacterial pathogen worldwide. This study utilized known staphylococcal epidemiology to track S. aureus between different ecological reservoirs in one 10-bed intensive care unit (ICU).

Closing the Gap: Results of the Multicenter Canadian Randomized Controlled Trial of Structured Transition in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To determine if a structured transition program for young adults with type 1 diabetes improves clinic attendance, glycemic control, diabetes-related distress, quality of life, and satisfaction with care.

Research Design And Methods: In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, young adults (17-20 years) with type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to a transition program with a transition coordinator or to standard care. The intervention lasted 18 months (6 in pediatric and 12 in adult care).