Creation and validation of an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) clinical risk scoring tool for select Enterobacterales in non-urinary isolates.

Background: Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) are increasing in the United States. Although many risk factor scoring tools exist, many are specific to bloodstream isolates and may not represent all patient populations. The purpose of this study was to create and validate an institution-specific scoring tool for select ESBL-E of non-urinary origin based on previously identified risk factors.

Impact of 24-hour pharmacy call response on time to antibiotics in open fractures.

Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Impact of a Clinical Pharmacist-Led, Artificial Intelligence-Supported Medication Adherence Program on Medication Adherence Performance, Chronic Disease Control Measures, and Cost Savings.

Background: Chronic diseases are the leading cause of disability and death in the United States. Clinical pharmacists have been shown to optimize health outcomes and reduce healthcare expenditures in patients with chronic diseases through improving medication adherence.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate a pharmacist-led, artificial intelligence-supported medication adherence program on medication adherence, select disease control measures, and healthcare expenditures.

Comparison of the impact of a system tele-antimicrobial stewardship program on the conversion of intravenous-to-oral antimicrobials in community hospitals.

Objectives: Evaluate system-wide antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) update impact on intravenous (IV)-to-oral (PO) antimicrobial conversion in select community hospitals through pre- and postimplementation trend analysis.

Methods: Retrospective study across seven hospitals: region one (four hospitals, 827 beds) with tele-ASP managed by infectious diseases (ID)-trained pharmacists and region two (three hospitals, 498 beds) without. Data were collected pre- (April 2022-September 2022) and postimplementation (April 2023-September 2023) on nine antimicrobials for the IV to PO days of therapy (DOTs).

Real-World Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes with Daptomycin Use in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Case Series.

Introduction: Daptomycin (DAP) is a cyclic lipopeptide that exhibits potent in vitro activity against many drug-resistant gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Despite substantial reports evaluating the clinical outcomes of DAP within the adult population, real-world data are lacking in children. The primary goal of this evaluation was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of DAP use in pediatric patients across a wide range of infections.

One and Done? An Evaluation of the Clinical Outcomes of Single- and Multi-Dose Dalbavancin Use in the Pediatric Population.

is a leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in the pediatric population. In general, data surrounding the use of newly approved antimicrobials within children are lacking. Dalbavancin is a long-acting lipoglycopeptide that shows promise for off-label use in adults given its unique pharmacokinetics and in vitro potency against common Gram-positive isolates; however, evidence to supports its use in children is limited.

Updates in pulmonary drug-resistant tuberculosis pharmacotherapy: A focus on BPaL and BPaLM.

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health concern and contributes to high morbidity and mortality. New evidence supports the use of shorter duration, all-oral regimens, which represent an encouraging treatment strategy for drug-resistant TB. As a result, the landscape of drug-resistant TB pharmacotherapy has drastically evolved regarding treatment principles and preferred agents.

Eravacycline, the first four years: health outcomes and tolerability data for 19 hospitals in 5 U.S. regions from 2018 to 2022.

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially MDR Gram-negatives, poses a significant challenge to clinicians and public health. These resilient bacteria have rendered many traditional antibiotics ineffective, underscoring the urgency for innovative therapeutic solutions. Eravacycline, a broad-spectrum fluorocycline tetracycline antibiotic approved by the FDA in 2018, emerges as a promising candidate, exhibiting potential against a diverse array of MDR bacteria, including Gram-negative, Gram-positive, anaerobic strains, and Mycobacterium.

Phage-antibiotic combinations against multidrug-resistant in static and dynamic biofilm models.

Biofilm-producing infections pose a severe threat to public health and are responsible for high morbidity and mortality. Phage-antibiotic combinations (PACs) are a promising strategy for combatting multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and difficult-to-treat infections. Ten MDR/XDR strains and five .

Successful Eradication of a Highly Resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis Species in a Premature Neonate With Bacteremia and Meningitis.

Elizabethkingia anophelis is a Gram-negative bacillus that can exhibit highly resistant phenotypes against most antibiotics with evidence of efficacy and safety in the neonatal population. Given the limited antimicrobial options, clinicians may be forced into challenging treatment scenarios when faced with central nervous system infections in premature neonates caused by E. anophelis .

Long-term evaluation of clinical success and safety of omadacycline in nontuberculous mycobacteria infections: a retrospective, multicenter cohort of real-world health outcomes.

Infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) continue to increase in prevalence, leading to problematic clinical outcomes. Omadacycline (OMC) is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic with FDA orphan drug and fast-track designations for pulmonary NTM infections, including (MAB). This multicenter retrospective study across 16 U.

Evaluation of Omadacycline Alone and in Combination with Rifampin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in an Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Biofilm Model.

Biofilm-associated infections lead to substantial morbidity. Omadacycline (OMC) is a novel aminomethylcycline with potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, but data surrounding its use in biofilm-associated infections are lacking. We investigated the activity of OMC alone and in combination with rifampin (RIF) against 20 clinical strains of staphylococci in multiple biofilm analyses, including an pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) CDC biofilm reactor (CBR) model (simulating human exposures).

Current therapies and challenges for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections.

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections and contributes to significant increase in morbidity and mortality especially when associated with medical devices and in biofilm form. Biofilm structure provides a pathway for the enrichment of resistant and persistent phenotypes of S. aureus leading to relapse and recurrence of infection.

Clinical Outcomes of Eravacycline in Patients Treated Predominately for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Forty-six patients were treated with eravacycline (ERV) for Acinetobacter baumannii infections, where 69.5% of isolates were carbapenem resistant (CRAB). Infections were primarily pulmonary (58.

Phage Cocktails with Daptomycin and Ampicillin Eradicates Biofilm-Embedded Multidrug-Resistant with Preserved Phage Susceptibility.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) is a challenging nosocomial pathogen known to colonize medical device surfaces and form biofilms. Bacterio (phages) may constitute an emerging anti-infective option for refractory, biofilm-mediated infections. This study evaluates eight MDR strains for biofilm production and phage susceptibility against nine phages.

Impact of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam vs. Best Alternative Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

Introduction: Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and difficult-to-treat (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa are increasingly challenging to combat. Ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T) is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combination now commonly used to treat MDR and XDR P. aeruginosa.

Nephrotoxicity of Vancomycin in Combination With Beta-Lactam Agents: Ceftolozane-Tazobactam vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam.

Background: Vancomycin (VAN)-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is increased when VAN is combined with certain beta-lactams (BLs) such as piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) but has not been evaluated with ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T). Our aim was to investigate the AKI incidence of VAN in combination with C/T (VAN/C/T) compared with VAN in combination to TZP (VAN-TZP).

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, observational, comparative study across the United States.

Bacteriophage-antibiotic combination therapy for multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In vitro synergy testing.

Aims: Here, we investigate the impact of phage-antibiotic combinations (PAC) on bacterial killing, resistance development and outer membrane vesicle (OMV) production in multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa.

Methods And Results: After screening 10 well-characterized MDR P.

Real-World Use of Tedizolid Phosphate for 28 Days or More: A Case Series Describing Tolerability and Clinical Success.

Tedizolid has activity against Gram-positive pathogens as well as spp and spp. Real-world evidence supporting long-term tolerability and clinical success of tedizolid is lacking. Prolonged tedizolid therapy (median, 188 days; interquartile range, 62-493 days) appeared to be well tolerated in 37 patients (8.

How to Harness the Power of Social Media for Quality Drug Information in Infectious Diseases: Perspectives on Behalf of the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists.

Clinicians, researchers, and the public frequently turn to digital channels and social media for up-to-the-minute information on novel therapeutics and vaccines. The value of credible infectious diseases drug information is more apparent in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This viewpoint by the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP) provides guidance on utilizing social media platforms to optimize infectious diseases pharmacotherapy.

Real-World, Multicenter Case Series of Patients Treated with Oral Omadacycline for Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.

Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria have been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and have limited treatment options available. Omadacycline (OMC) is an aminomethylcycline antibiotic that has been shown to exhibit broad in vitro activity against antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Given the lack of real-world data, the primary objective of our report was to describe early experience with OMC for the treatment of resistant Gram-negative infections.

Clinical Characteristics Associated with Bacterial Bloodstream Coinfection in COVID-19.

Introduction: Inappropriate antibiotic use in COVID-19 is often due to treatment of presumed bacterial coinfection. Predictive factors to distinguish COVID-19 from COVID-19 with bacterial coinfection or bloodstream infection are limited.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 595 COVID-19 patients admitted between March 8, 2020, and April 4, 2020, to describe factors associated with a bacterial bloodstream coinfection (BSI).

Eradication of Biofilm-Mediated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections : Bacteriophage-Antibiotic Combination.

Bacterial biofilms are difficult to eradicate and can complicate many infections by forming on tissues and medical devices. Phage+antibiotic combinations (PAC) may be more active on biofilms than either type of agent alone, but it is difficult to predict which PAC regimens will be reliably effective. To establish a method for screening PAC combinations against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, we conducted biofilm time-kill analyses (TKA) using various combinations of phage Sb-1 with clinically relevant antibiotics.