Identification of 5-HT receptor signaling pathways associated with psychedelic potential.

Serotonergic psychedelics possess considerable therapeutic potential. Although 5-HT receptor activation mediates psychedelic effects, prototypical psychedelics activate both 5-HT-Gq/11 and β-arrestin2 transducers, making their respective roles unclear. To elucidate this, we develop a series of 5-HT-selective ligands with varying Gq efficacies, including β-arrestin-biased ligands.

Identification of 5-HT Receptor Signaling Pathways Responsible for Psychedelic Potential.

Serotonergic psychedelics possess considerable therapeutic potential. Although 5-HT receptor activation mediates psychedelic effects, prototypical psychedelics activate both 5-HT-Gq/11 and β-arrestin2 signaling, making their respective roles unclear. To elucidate this, we developed a series of 5-HT-selective ligands with varying Gq efficacies, including β-arrestin-biased ligands.

Effectiveness of home health care in reducing return to hospital: Evidence from a multi-hospital study in the US.

Background: Home health care, a commonly used bridge strategy for transitioning from hospital to home-based care, is expected to contribute to readmission avoidance efforts. However, in studies using disease-specific samples, evidence about the effectiveness of home health care in reducing readmissions is mixed.

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of home health care in reducing return to hospital across a diverse sample of patients discharged home following acute care hospitalization.

Nurse Continuity at Discharge and Return to Hospital.

Background: Promoting continuity of nurse assignment during discharge care has the potential to increase patient readiness for discharge-which has been associated with fewer readmissions and emergency department visits. The few studies that examined nurse continuity during acute care hospitalizations did not focus on discharge or postdischarge outcomes.

Objectives: The aim of this research was to examine the association of continuity in nurse assignment to patients prior to hospital discharge with return to hospital (readmission and emergency department or observation visits), including exploration of the mediating pathway through patient readiness for discharge and moderating effects of unit environment and unit nurse characteristics.

Individual Nurse Productivity in Preparing Patients for Discharge Is Associated With Patient Likelihood of 30-Day Return to Hospital.

Objective: Applied to value-based health care, the economic term "individual productivity" refers to the quality of an outcome attributable through a care process to an individual clinician. This study aimed to (1) estimate and describe the discharge preparation productivities of individual acute care nurses and (2) examine the association between the discharge preparation productivity of the discharging nurse and the patient's likelihood of a 30-day return to hospital [readmission and emergency department (ED) visits].

Research Design: Secondary analysis of patient-nurse data from a cluster-randomized multisite study of patient discharge readiness and readmission.

Effect of Implementing Discharge Readiness Assessment in Adult Medical-Surgical Units on 30-Day Return to Hospital: The READI Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The downward trend in readmissions has recently slowed. New enhancements to hospital readmission reduction efforts are needed. Structured assessment of patient readiness for discharge has been recommended as an addition to discharge preparation standards of care to assist with tailoring of risk-mitigating actions.

Syntheses, analytical and pharmacological characterizations of the 'legal high' 4-[1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]morpholine (3-MeO-PCMo) and analogues.

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are commonly referred to as 'research chemicals', 'designer drugs' or 'legal highs'. One NPS class is represented by dissociative anesthetics, which include analogues of the arylcyclohexylamine phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine and diphenidine. A recent addition to the NPS market was 4-[1-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexyl]morpholine (3-MeO-PCMo), a morpholine analogue of 3-MeO-PCP.

Pharmacological Investigations of the Dissociative 'Legal Highs' Diphenidine, Methoxphenidine and Analogues.

1,2-Diarylethylamines including lanicemine, lefetamine, and remacemide have clinical relevance in a range of therapeutic areas including pain management, epilepsy, neurodegenerative disease and depression. More recently 1,2-diarylethylamines have been sold as 'legal highs' in a number of different forms including powders and tablets. These compounds are sold to circumvent governmental legislation regulating psychoactive drugs.

Test purchase, synthesis, and characterization of 2-methoxydiphenidine (MXP) and differentiation from its meta- and para-substituted isomers.

The structurally diverse nature of the 1,2-diphenylethylamine template provides access to a range of substances for drug discovery work but some have attracted attention as 'research chemicals'. The most recent examples include diphenidine, i.e.

First reported fatalities associated with the 'research chemical' 2-methoxydiphenidine.

2-Methoxydiphenidine, i.e. 1-[1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenylethyl]piperidine, also known as 'MXP' or '2-MeO-diphenidine' (or 2-MXP), has been available as a 'research chemical' since 2013 as a purported alternative to the 'dissociative anesthetics' methoxetamine and ketamine.

Preparation and characterization of the 'research chemical' diphenidine, its pyrrolidine analogue, and their 2,2-diphenylethyl isomers.

Substances with the diphenylethylamine nucleus represent a recent addition to the product catalog of dissociative agents sold as 'research chemicals' on the Internet. Diphenidine, i.e.

From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs.

PCP or phencyclidine was discovered in 1956 and soon became a popular street drug. Dissociatives including PCP, ketamine, and dextromethorphan have been used non-medically for their mind-altering effects for over 60 years. Many of these compounds have also been used clinically and in legitimate research.

Self-discharge by adult Aboriginal patients at Alice Springs Hospital, Central Australia: insights from a prospective cohort study.

Objective: To determine rates and risk factors for self-discharge by Aboriginal medical inpatients at Alice Springs Hospital.

Methods: Prospective cohort study. Interviews were conducted in primary language by Aboriginal Liaison Officers, from July 2006 to August 2007.

State variation in out-of-home Medicaid mental health services for children and youth: an examination of residential treatment and inpatient hospital services.

This research investigated state variation in the use of out-of-home mental health services among children and youth enrolled in Medicaid during 2003. Medicaid claims from three states were used to describe the demographic and diagnostic characteristics of children and youth under age 22 who received mental health services in general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric residential treatment facilities, and other residential treatment settings and to examine their lengths of stay, repeat stays, and expenditures. Depending on the state, 6-13% of children and youth with a mental health diagnosis received out-of-home services during the year; 37-58% of these children and youth had more than one out-of-home stay.