Differences in Surgical Complications for Stage 1 Phalloplasty With Concurrent Versus Asynchronous Hysterectomy in Transmasculine Patients.

Background The authors sought to compare the perioperative morbidity of Stage 1 phalloplasty with asynchronous vs concurrent hysterectomy among transmasculine patients. Methods This retrospective study included transmasculine patients undergoing Stage 1 phalloplasty with either asynchronous or concurrent hysterectomy at Kaiser Permanente Northern California from January 1, 2017, to September 9, 2019. The primary outcome was differences in surgical site infection rates.

An Exploratory Analysis of Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Emotional Functioning in Patients With Chronic Pain.

Background: Physical activity (PA) can benefit pain and emotional functioning for patients with chronic pain. However, associations between different intensities of PA (moderate-to-vigorous PA, light PA, and sedentary behavior), pain, and emotional functioning are not well understood in patients with chronic pain.

Objective: The goals of this study were to (1) describe PA patterns of adult patients with chronic pain using accelerometers and (2) explore preliminary associations between PA intensities, pain, and emotional functioning.

Urethrographic Evaluation of Anatomic Findings and Complications after Perineal Masculinization and Phalloplasty in Transgender Patients.

Transgender patients seeking gender-affirming surgery are a growing population with unique health care needs. The radiologist must understand the challenges these patients face to facilitate a positive patient-physician interaction during the series of postoperative fluoroscopic evaluations. The authors present a standard two-stage surgical approach and common postoperative fluoroscopic findings after perineal masculinization and phalloplasty procedures.

Assessing within- and between-family variations in an expanded measure of childhood adversity.

Previous measures of childhood adversity have enabled the identification of powerful links with later-life wellbeing. The challenge for the next generation of childhood adversity assessment is to better characterize those links through comprehensive, fine-grained measurement strategies. The expanded, retrospective measure of childhood adversity presented here leveraged analytic and theoretical advances to examine multiple domains of childhood adversity at both the microlevel of siblings and the macrolevel of families.

Thriving in midlife: The roles of childhood nurturance and adult defense mechanisms.

The current study examined whether reliance on more adaptive defense mechanisms throughout early adulthood may help explain previously documented relationships between childhood nurturance and better midlife functioning. Utilizing a unique longitudinal study, data were from age 18 through midlife (age 63) on 135 males. Childhood nurturance was assessed upon study entry and defense mechanism usage was assessed throughout earlier adulthood.

Special Education Financing and ADHD Medications: A Bitter Pill to Swallow.

Accurate diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is difficult because the major symptoms, inattentiveness and hyperactivity, can be exhibited by any child. This study finds evidence of systematic differences in diagnosis and treatment of ADHD due to third party financial incentives. In some states, due to the financing mechanism for special education, schools face a financial incentive to facilitate the identification of children with ADHD.

An Exploration of the Relationship between Experiences with Sibling Abuse and Peer Bullying: a Pilot Study.

This paper uses peer reviewed research and a comprehensive literature review to highlight some of connections and similarities between experience with sibling abuse and experience with peer bullying. Specifically, an altered version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus 75-88, 1979) was used to empirically explore the potential relationship between experience with peer bullying as a survivor or perpetrator, and experience with sibling abuse as a survivor or perpetrator. The results of Person's product moment correlations indicate there is a significant relationship between surviving sibling abuse and surviving peer bullying, as well as perpetrating sibling abuse and perpetrating peer bullying.

The effect of college education on mortality.

We exploit exogenous variation in years of completed college induced by draft-avoidance behavior during the Vietnam War to examine the impact of college on adult mortality. Our estimates imply that increasing college attainment from the level of the state at the 25th percentile of the education distribution to that of the state at the 75th percentile would decrease cumulative mortality for cohorts in our sample by 8 to 10 percent relative to the mean. Most of the reduction in mortality is from deaths due to cancer and heart disease.

A longitudinal examination of positive parenting following an acceptance-based couple intervention.

Positive parenting practices have been shown to be essential for healthy child development, and yet have also been found to be particularly challenging for parents to enact and maintain. This article explores an innovative approach for increasing positive parenting by targeting specific positive emotional processes within marital relationships. Couple emotional acceptance is a powerful mechanism that has repeatedly been found to improve romantic relationships, but whether these effects extend to the larger family environment is less well understood.

Active and retired public employees' health insurance: potential data sources.

Employer-provided health insurance for public sector workers is a significant public policy issue. Underfunding and the growing costs of benefits may hinder the fiscal solvency of state and local governments. Findings from the private sector may not be applicable because many public sector workers are covered by union contracts or salary schedules and often benefit modifications require changes in legislation.

The effects of retiree health insurance plan characteristics on retirees' choice and employers' costs.

To moderate the rate of growth of retiree health insurance costs, employers can modify plans and move retirees into less expensive plans. We examine policy modifications implemented by the North Carolina State Health Plan. We investigate whether incentives produce the desired plan elections and whether these changes, along with cost shifting, produce the expected reductions in cost growth.

The Marriage Checkup: a randomized controlled trial of annual relationship health checkups.

Objective: This study assessed the efficacy of the Marriage Checkup (MC) for improving relationship health and intimacy.

Method: Cohabiting married couples (N = 215, Mage women = 44.5 years, men = 47 years, 93.

Business Cycles and Divorce: Evidence from Microdata.

We use individual-level data to show that divorce is pro-cyclical on average, a finding robust to the inclusion of a wide range of controls. Pro-cyclical divorce is concentrated among women who married young and/or do not have a college degree.

Confronting the gender myth: an exploration of variance in male versus female experience with sibling abuse.

Research on family violence has overwhelmingly focused on a patriarchal model, which inaccurately depicts men as exclusively perpetrators and women as exclusively victims of abusive family acts. In addition, empirical research on sibling abuse in families has been significantly absent from the professional literature. This exploratory study used a survey instrument based on an altered version of the Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) to investigate the question of whether significant gender differences exist in the experience of sibling abuse as a child, either as perpetrator or victim.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for selected gynecologic surgeries.

Background: Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery is commonly used and is recommended by multiple organizations.

Objective: To critically review gynecology-specific data regarding surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in selected benign gynecologic surgeries.

Search Strategy: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to July 2010.

Surgeon practice patterns for antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecologic surgery.

Objective: To assess surgeon practice patterns for antibiotic prophylaxis in gynecologic surgery.

Methods: A survey was distributed at the 2011 annual scientific meeting of the Society of Gynecologic Surgeons regarding antibiotic prophylaxis practices.

Results: The response rate was 51%.

The marriage checkup: increasing access to marital health care.

Despite the ongoing prevalence of marital distress, very few couples seek therapy. Researchers and clinicians have increasingly been calling for innovative interventions that can reach a larger number of untreated couples. Based on a motivational marital health model, the Marriage Checkup (MC) was designed to attract couples who are unlikely to seek traditional tertiary therapy.

Booms, Busts, and Divorce.

For almost a century, anecdotes have suggested that divorce rates decline during recessions. However, until very recently there has been surprisingly little formal empirical evidence on whether such a link exists, let alone its magnitude if it does. Moreover, the anticipated direction of the effect is ambiguous theoretically.

The effects of maternal employment on the health of school-age children.

The effects of maternal employment on children's health are theoretically ambiguous and challenging to identify. There are trade-offs between income and time, and a mother's decision to work reflects, in part, her children's health and her underlying preferences. I utilize exogenous variation in each child's youngest sibling's eligibility for kindergarten as an instrument.

Reliability and validity of the Time-Sensitive ADHD Symptom Scale in adults.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Time-Sensitive ADHD Symptom Scale (TASS) to evaluate change of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms over the course of a day in adults.

Methods: Eighty adults with ADHD participated in 1 or 2 visits, 1 to 9 weeks apart. At each visit, participants completed the TASS followed by raters administering the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS).

Measuring inappropriate medical diagnosis and treatment in survey data: The case of ADHD among school-age children.

We exploit the discontinuity in age when children start kindergarten generated by state eligibility laws to examine whether relative age is a significant determinant of ADHD diagnosis and treatment. Using a regression discontinuity model and exact dates of birth, we find that children born just after the cutoff, who are relatively old-for-grade, have a significantly lower incidence of ADHD diagnosis and treatment compared with similar children born just before the cutoff date, who are relatively young-for-grade. Since ADHD is an underlying neurological problem where incidence rates should not change dramatically from one birth date to the next, these results suggest that age relative to peers in class, and the resulting differences in behavior, directly affects a child's probability of being diagnosed with and treated for ADHD.

Women with diabetes: understanding urinary incontinence and help seeking behavior.

Purpose: We examined the association of urinary incontinence with diabetes status and race, and evaluated beliefs about help seeking for incontinence in a population based cohort of women with vs without diabetes.

Materials And Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 2,270 middle-aged and older racially/ethnically diverse women in the Diabetes Reproductive Risk factors for Incontinence Study at Kaiser. Incontinence, help seeking behavior and beliefs were assessed by self-report questionnaires and in-person interviews.