The criteria used to rule out mild cognitive impairment impact dementia incidence rates in subjective cognitive decline.

Background: The research criteria for subjective cognitive decline (SCD) exclude mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but do not stipulate the use of specific MCI criteria. This study compared different approaches to defining (i.e.

Radiological outcomes following surgical fixation with wires versus moulded cast for patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius: a radiographic analysis from the DRAFFT2 trial.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to report the radiological outcomes of patients with a dorsally displaced distal radius fracture who were randomized to a moulded cast or surgical fixation with wires following manipulation and closed reduction of their fracture. The secondary aim was to correlate radiological outcomes with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the year following injury.

Methods: Participants were recruited as part of DRAFFT2, a UK multicentre clinical trial.

Increasing Diversity of Patients in Radiation Oncology Clinical Trials.

Radiation oncology clinical trials lack full representation of the ethnic and racial diversity present in the general United States and in the cancer patient population. There are low rates of both recruitment and enrollment of individuals from underrepresented ethnic and racial backgrounds, especially Black and Hispanic patients, people with disabilities, and patients from underrepresented sexual and gender groups. Even if approached for enrollment, barriers such as mistrust in medical research stemming from historical abuse and contemporary biased systems, low socioeconomic status, and lack of awareness prohibit historically marginalized populations from participating in clinical trials.

SUMO enables substrate selectivity by mitogen-activated protein kinases to regulate immunity in plants.

The versatility of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in translating exogenous and endogenous stimuli into appropriate cellular responses depends on its substrate specificity. In animals, several mechanisms have been proposed about how MAPKs maintain specificity to regulate distinct functional pathways. However, little is known of mechanisms that enable substrate selectivity in plant MAPKs.

Treatment of Mal de Debarquement Syndrome in a Computer-Assisted Rehabilitation Environment.

Individuals with mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) describe symptoms of swaying, rocking, and/or bobbing after sea or air travel. These symptoms may be because of maladaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to roll of the head during rotation. Dai and colleagues have developed a treatment paradigm that involves passive roll of the patient's head while watching optokinetic stripes, resulting in adaption of the VOR and improvement of MdDS.

Proximal seminal vesicle displacement and margins for prostate cancer radiotherapy.

Introduction: Guidelines recommend that the proximal seminal vesicles (PrSV) should be included in the clinical target volume for locally advanced prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Verification and margins for the prostate may not necessarily account for PrSV displacement. The purpose was to determine the inter-fraction displacement of the PrSV relative to the prostate during radiotherapy.

Dealing With Stress: A Review of Plant SUMO Proteases.

The SUMO system is a rapid dynamic post-translational mechanism employed by eukaryotic cells to respond to stress. Plant cells experience hyperSUMOylation of substrates in response to stresses such as heat, ethanol, and drought. Many SUMOylated proteins are located in the nucleus, SUMOylation altering many nuclear processes.

Dizziness in a Child With Irlen Syndrome: Differentiating Visual and Vestibular Complaints.

Purpose: A case study of a 12-year-old boy with Irlen syndrome illustrates the overlapping symptoms of Irlen syndrome and vestibular-related dizziness.

Summary Of Key Points: Individuals with Irlen syndrome have eyestrain and headache, and often report visual perceptual distortions of blurring, doubling, and movement of print on the page. These symptoms can be relieved with the use of individually prescribed tinted lenses or overlays.

Goals and Adverse Effects: Rate of Concordance Between Patients and Providers.

Purpose: Adequate understanding of the goals and adverse effects of cancer treatment has important implications for patients' decision making, expectations, and mood. This study sought to identify the degree to which patients and clinicians agreed upon the goals and adverse effects of treatment (ie, concordance).

Methods: Patients completed a demographic questionnaire, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Treatment Satisfaction-General questionnaire, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being questionnaire, and a 13-item questionnaire about the goals and adverse effects of treatment.

Repression of Mcl-1 expression by the CDC7/CDK9 inhibitor PHA-767491 overcomes bone marrow stroma-mediated drug resistance in AML.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive cancer with 50-75% of patients relapsing even after successful chemotherapy. The role of the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) in protecting AML cells from chemotherapeutics and causing consequent relapse is increasingly recognised. However the role that the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins play as effectors of BMM-mediated drug resistance are less understood.

Incursions from the epicentre: Southern theory, social science, and the global HIV research domain.

Research about HIV constitutes a global domain of academic knowledge. The patterns that structure this domain reflect inequalities in the production and dissemination of knowledge, as well as broader inequalities in geopolitics. Conventional metrics for assessing the value and impact of academic research reveal that "Northern" research remains dominant, while "Southern" research remains peripheral.

Re-making the global economy of knowledge: do new fields of research change the structure of North-South relations?

How is global-North predominance in the making of organized knowledge affected by the rise of new domains of research? This question is examined empirically in three interdisciplinary areas - climate change, HIV-AIDS, and gender studies - through interviews with 70 researchers in Southern-tier countries Brazil, South Africa and Australia. The study found that the centrality of the North was reinstituted as these domains came into existence, through resource inequalities, workforce mechanisms, and intellectual framing. Yet there are tensions in the global economy of knowledge, around workforce formation, hierarchies of disciplines, neoliberal management strategies, and mismatches with social need.

Targeted next-generation sequencing identifies clinically relevant mutations in patients with chronic neutrophilic leukemia at diagnosis and blast crisis.

Purpose: Chronic neutrophilic leukemia is a rare form of myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by mature neutrophil hyperleukocytosis. The majority of patients harbor somatic mutations of CSF3R gene and are potentially amenable to targeted therapy with JAK inhibitors. The incidence and clinical significance of additional mutations requires clarification.

Development of a standard survivorship care plan template for radiation oncologists.

Purpose: In response to a need expressed by members of the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the ASTRO Board of Directors approved an initiative to create a radiation oncology-specific survivorship care plan (SCP) template.

Methods And Materials: Members of the ASTRO Health Services Research Committee (which was subsequently renamed the Clinical, Translational, and Basic Science Advisory Committee) were charged with this task. Creation of the ASTRO SCP template was informed by existing SCP templates published by other organizations and modified to add radiation treatment details felt to be important by committee members.

Hegemonic masculinity: combining theory and practice in gender interventions.

The concept of hegemonic masculinity has been used in gender studies since the early-1980s to explain men's power over women. Stressing the legitimating power of consent (rather than crude physical or political power to ensure submission), it has been used to explain men's health behaviours and the use of violence. Gender activists and others seeking to change men's relations with women have mobilised the concept of hegemonic masculinity in interventions, but the links between gender theory and activism have often not been explored.

US radiation oncology practice patterns for posttreatment survivor care.

Purpose: Increasing numbers of cancer survivors have driven a greater focus on care of cancer patients after treatment. Radiation oncologists have long considered follow-up of patients an integral part of practice. We sought to document current survivor-focused care patterns and identify barriers to meeting new regulatory commission guidelines for survivorship care plans (SCPs) and provide guidance for survivorship care.

Relationship between single and multiple perpetrator rape perpetration in South Africa: A comparison of risk factors in a population-based sample.

Background: Studies of rape of women seldom distinguish between men's participation in acts of single and multiple perpetrator rape. Multiple perpetrator rape (MPR) occurs globally with serious consequences for women. In South Africa it is a cultural practice with defined circumstances in which it commonly occurs.

Molecular response to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukaemia with a variant e13a3 BCR-ABL1 fusion.

The majority of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients express either e13a2 or e14a2 BCR-ABL1 transcripts. Variant fusion genes can arise, usually due to alternative splicing of either BCR or ABL1 exons, with molecular monitoring by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy rarely reported in such cases. A case of CML is described in which an e13a3 BCR-ABL1 fusion was characterised.

Nonfamilial, MPL S505N-Mutated Essential Thrombocythaemia.

Mutations of MPL are present in a significant proportion of patients with the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), primary myelofibrosis (PMF), and essential thrombocythaemia (ET). The most frequent of these mutations, W515L and W515K, occur in exon 10 of MPL, which encodes the receptor for thrombopoietin. Another exon 10 mutation, MPL S505N, has been shown to be a founder mutation in several pedigrees with familial thrombocythaemia where it is associated with a high thrombotic risk, splenomegaly and progression to bone marrow fibrosis.

An automated system for detecting nonadherence in laboratory testing and monitoring for myelosuppression in patients receiving self-administered oral chemotherapy.

Introduction: Patient compliance with routine monitoring for self-administered chemotherapy is problematic. We sought to assess monitoring lapses and incidents of myelosuppression in patients undergoing self-administered chemotherapy for glioblastoma, as well as test software designed to detect and alert clinicians to lapses in monitoring.

Patients And Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted to identify patients (N=117) who received standard oral temozolomide for glioblastoma at our institution from 2003 to 2010.

Prevalence of consensual male-male sex and sexual violence, and associations with HIV in South Africa: a population-based cross-sectional study.

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa the population prevalence of men who have sex with men (MSM) is unknown, as is the population prevalence of male-on-male sexual violence, and whether male-on-male sexual violence may relate to HIV risk. This paper describes lifetime prevalence of consensual male-male sexual behavior and male-on-male sexual violence (victimization and perpetration) in two South African provinces, socio-demographic factors associated with these experiences, and associations with HIV serostatus.

Methods And Findings: In a cross-sectional study conducted in 2008, men aged 18-49 y from randomly selected households in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces provided anonymous survey data and dried blood spots for HIV serostatus assessment.

Men, prostitution and the provider role: understanding the intersections of economic exchange, sex, crime and violence in South Africa.

Background: South African policy makers are reviewing legislation of prostitution, concerned that criminalisation hampers HIV prevention. They seek to understand the relationship between transactional sex, prostitution, and the nature of the involved men.

Methods: 1645 randomly-selected adult South African men participated in a household study, disclosing whether they had sex with a woman in prostitution or had had a provider relationship (or sex), participation in crime and violence and completing psychological measures.

Transactional relationships and sex with a woman in prostitution: prevalence and patterns in a representative sample of South African men.

Background: Sex motivated by economic exchange is a public health concern as a driver of the Sub-Saharan African HIV epidemic. We describe patterns of engagement in transactional sexual relationships and sex with women in prostitution of South African men, and suggest interpretations that advance our understanding of the phenomenon.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with a randomly-selected sample of 1645 sexually active men aged 18-49 years who completed interviews in a household study and were asked whether they had had sex with a woman in prostitution, or had had a relationship or sex they took to be motivated by the expectation of material gain (transactional sex).

Gender inequitable masculinity and sexual entitlement in rape perpetration South Africa: findings of a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To describe the prevalence and patterns of rape perpetration in a randomly selected sample of men from the general adult population, to explore factors associated with rape and to describe how men explained their acts of rape.

Design: Cross-sectional household study with a two- stage randomly selected sample of men.

Methods: 1737 South African men aged 18-49 completed a questionnaire administered using an Audio-enhanced Personal Digital Assistant.