Relative bioavailability and food effect of the galectin-3 inhibitor selvigaltin (GB1211) administered as a tablet in healthy participants (GALBA-1).

Purpose: Overexpression of galectin-3, a β-galactoside-binding lectin, is associated with fibrotic diseases and cancer. Selvigaltin is an oral galectin-3 inhibitor, previously administered as a 50 mg capsule. This study aimed to evaluate the relative bioavailability and food effect of selvigaltin as a 100 mg tablet in healthy volunteers.

Ergogenic effect of ischemic preconditioning is not directly conferred to isolated skeletal muscle via blood.

Purpose: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in humans has been demonstrated to confer ergogenic benefit to aerobic exercise performance, with an improvement in the response rate when the IPC stimulus is combined with concurrent exercise. Despite potential performance improvements, the nature of the neuronal and humoral mechanisms of conferral and their respective contributions to ergogenic benefit remain unclear. We sought to examine the effects of the humoral component of ischemic preconditioning on skeletal muscle tissue using preconditioned human serum and isolated mouse soleus.

Dual-domain accelerated MRI reconstruction using transformers with learning-based undersampling.

Acceleration in MRI has garnered much attention from the deep-learning community in recent years, particularly for imaging large anatomical volumes such as the abdomen or moving targets such as the heart. A variety of deep learning approaches have been investigated, with most existing works using convolutional neural network (CNN)-based architectures as the reconstruction backbone, paired with fixed, rather than learned, k-space undersampling patterns. In both image domain and k-space, CNN-based architectures may not be optimal for reconstruction due to its limited ability to capture long-range dependencies.

Training response to 8 weeks of blood flow restricted training is not improved by preferentially altering tissue hypoxia or lactate accumulation when training to repetition failure.

Despite compelling muscular structure and function changes resulting from blood flow restricted (BFR) resistance training, mechanisms of action remain poorly characterized. Alterations in tissue O saturation (TSI%) and metabolites are potential drivers of observed changes, but their relationships with degree of occlusion pressure are unclear. We examined local TSI% and blood lactate (BL) concentration during BFR training to failure using different occlusion pressures on strength, hypertrophy, and muscular endurance over an 8-week training period.

Simulated weight reduction using an anti-gravity treadmill - A pilot study of the impact of weight loss on foot and ankle arthritis.

Background: Despite a paucity of evidence, obesity is frequently cited as an exacerbator of symptoms in foot and ankle arthritis. The aims of the current study were to determine whether simulated weight loss would improve symptoms in obese patients with foot and ankle arthritis.

Methods: Patients walked on an "anti-gravity" treadmill allowing simulated weight reduction.

Cardiac autonomic recovery following traditional and augmented remote ischemic preconditioning.

Purpose: While the possible ergogenic benefits of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) make it an attractive training modality, the mechanisms of action remain unclear. Alterations in neural tone have been demonstrated in conjunction with circulatory occlusion, yet investigation of the autonomic nervous system following RIPC treatment has received little attention. We sought to characterize alterations in autonomic balance to both RIPC and augmented RIPC (RIPC) performed while cycling, using acute and sustained autonomic indices.

Environmental Subconcussive Injury, Axonal Injury, and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Brain injury occurs in two phases: the initial injury itself and a secondary cascade of precise immune-based neurochemical events. The secondary phase is typically functional in nature and characterized by delayed axonal injury with more axonal disconnections occurring than in the initial phase. Axonal injury occurs across the spectrum of disease severity, with subconcussive injury, especially when repetitive, now considered capable of producing significant neurological damage consistent with axonal injury seen in clinically evident concussion, despite no observable symptoms.

The z-spectrum from human blood at 7T.

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) has been used to assess healthy and pathological tissue in both animals and humans. However, the CEST signal from blood has not been fully assessed. This paper presents the CEST and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) signals detected in human blood measured via z-spectrum analysis.

Effects of targeted delivery of propionate to the human colon on appetite regulation, body weight maintenance and adiposity in overweight adults.

Objective: The colonic microbiota ferment dietary fibres, producing short chain fatty acids. Recent evidence suggests that the short chain fatty acid propionate may play an important role in appetite regulation. We hypothesised that colonic delivery of propionate would increase peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in humans, and reduce energy intake and weight gain in overweight adults.

Diminished brain resilience syndrome: A modern day neurological pathology of increased susceptibility to mild brain trauma, concussion, and downstream neurodegeneration.

The number of sports-related concussions has been steadily rising in recent years. Diminished brain resilience syndrome is a term coined by the lead author to describe a particular physiological state of nutrient functional deficiency and disrupted homeostatic mechanisms leading to increased susceptibility to previously considered innocuous concussion. We discuss how modern day environmental toxicant exposure, along with major changes in our food supply and lifestyle practices, profoundly reduce the bioavailability of neuro-critical nutrients such that the normal processes of homeostatic balance and resilience are no longer functional.

Exercise for depression.

Background: Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression.

Exercise for depression.

Background: Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression.

Exercise for depression.

Background: Depression is a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Depression is commonly treated with antidepressants and/or psychotherapy, but some people may prefer alternative approaches such as exercise. There are a number of theoretical reasons why exercise may improve depression.

Zoledronic acid reduces skeletal-related events in patients with osteolytic metastases.

Background: This study evaluated the dose-response relation for zoledronic acid, a new generation high potency bisphosphonate, given as a 5-minute infusion in patients with malignant osteolytic disease.

Methods: Two-hundred eighty patients with osteolytic lesions due to metastatic breast carcinoma or multiple myeloma were randomized to double-blind treatment with either 0.4, 2.

Interrelationships between dietary lysine, sex, and porcine somatotropin administration on growth performance and protein deposition in pigs between 80 and 120 kg live weight.

Sixty male and 60 female crossbred pigs were allocated to an experiment to investigate the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) administration (0 or 6 mg/d) and dietary lysine content on growth performance, tissue deposition, and carcass characteristics over the live weight range of 80 to 120 kg. Pigs receiving pST were given diets containing 6.9, 7.

The relationship between endogenous insulin-like growth factors and growth in pigs.

Previous studies have reported conflicting data on gender differences in plasma IGF-I in postnatal pigs. There is also debate over the role of IGF-II in regulation of postnatal growth. We have, therefore, determined the concentrations of plasma IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in boars, barrows, and gilts and related these to postnatal growth characteristics.

Surgical correction of moderate myopia: which method should you choose? I. Radial keratotomy will always have a place.

This set of "Viewpoints" articles examines the relative merits of radial keratotomy (RK), photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and laser assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Drs. Rowsey and Morley review advances in RK techniques, long-term results, and complications, and explain why RK will remain a viable method for correction of moderate myopia, notably its minimal cost.