Prostate-specific antigen testing rates in high-risk populations: results from the All of Us Research Program.

Background: Early detection of prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) remains controversial and disparities in the receipt of prostate cancer screening persist in the US. We sought to examine disparities in PSA testing rates among groups with higher prostate cancer risk and differential access to healthcare.

Methods: We identified a cohort of 37,706 males within the All of Us Research Program without a history of prostate cancer between the ages of 40 and 85 at time of enrollment (2017-2021).

Prostate cancer screening in African American men: a review of the evidence.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in African American men, yet prostate cancer screening regimens in this group are poorly guided by existing evidence, given underrepresentation of African American men in prostate cancer screening trials. It is critical to optimize prostate cancer screening and early detection in this high-risk group because underdiagnosis may lead to later-stage cancers at diagnosis and higher mortality while overdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary treatment.

Methods: We performed a review of the literature related to prostate cancer screening and early detection specific to African American men to summarize the existing evidence available to guide health-care practice.

Added value of Joint ENT-Rheumatology clinic in the management of ANCA-associated vasculitis: One year's experience.

Purpose: ANCA-associated vasculitides (AAV) represent a group of diagnoses, including granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Most commonly, they present initially with ENT-associated symptomatology, and therefore they often pose a diagnostic challenge. We aim to present our one-year experience in the joint management of AAV in a multi-disciplinary setting.

Oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in recreational runners participating in Parkrun UK: Prevalence of use and awareness of risk.

Objective: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used in endurance running and by elite athletes. We examined the pattern of use of NSAIDs, the purpose of use and knowledge of the adverse effects of NSAID use in a population of recreational runners at Parkrun UK.

Methods: An online observational non-interventional cross-sectional survey of Parkrun UK participants being over the age of 18, on Parkrun UK's mailing list, and residing in the UK.

Ripples in a pond: an open system model of the evolution of safety culture.

The development of an effective safety culture is essential to promote safe operations. Previous studies have either identified the characteristics of effective safety culture analytically, inferring them from signs and symbols derived from working practices, or have restricted the study of the development of safety culture to workers within an organisation. This paper describes a large-scale survey-based study in which the factors influencing the evolution of safety culture are identified empirically and, drawing upon open systems theory, are also extended beyond the bounds of the organisation.

Effects of helminth infection on the pre-weaning production of ewes and lambs: comparison between safe and contaminated pasture.

Comparison was made of the performances of cross-bred ewes and their lambs on pastures of low helminth infectivity ("safe" pastures) or contaminated pastures and at high or low stocking rates. Ewes grazing the safe, but not the contaminated, pastures were given a single pre-lambing drench. The largest difference in parasite infection between treatments was the level of exposure of sheep to Trichostrongylus spp, which was negligible on the safe pastures.

Effects of helminth infection on the pre-weaning production of ewes and lambs: evaluation of pre- and post-lambing drenching and provision of safe lambing pasture.

The pre-weaning production of ewes and lambs in spring on pastures grazed during the previous autumn and early winter by either weaner sheep, adult sheep, or cattle was investigated together with estimating the benefits of pre- and post-lambing drenches to ewes. These treatments were compared with one in which parasitism was uncontrolled in ewes lambing on pastures grazed previously by untreated weaner sheep, and another where parasitism was suppressed by 2-weekly drenching of the weaner sheep and also of the ewes and their lambs. Prior grazing by cattle effectively eliminated infection of pastures with intestinal Trichostrongylus and Nematodirus spp, but less so for Ostertagia spp.

The effect of calfhood vaccination with strain 19 on the serological diagnosis and eradication of bovine brucellosis.

Data from 42,224 cattle from 694 herds collected during the brucellosis eradication campaign were used to examine the effects of calfhood strain 19 vaccination. The prevalence to infection in vaccinated herds was 1.8% compared with 9.

Blowfly strike in the breech region of sheep in relation to helminth infection.

The incidence of breech strike in radically mulesed weaner sheep was reduced from about 50% to about 5% by suppression of helminth infection. Prediposition of sheep to flystrike appeared to result from the helminths causing diarrhoea and soiling of the wool in the breech region. Wethers were struck more frequently than ewes.